1241
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. Template:C13 year in topic Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
- March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.[1][2]
- April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.[3][4]
- April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.[5][6]
- May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.[7][8]
- May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.[9]
- Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.[10][11]
- August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.[12][13]
- September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.[14][15]
- December – Siege of Lahore (1241): The Mongols under Tair Bahadur besiege and sack the city of Lahore in the Delhi Sultanate.
- December 11 – Ögedei Khan dies after a drinking binge. His death halts the Mongol advance into Western Europe.
- Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.[16][17]
- Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.[18][19]
- The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.[20]
Births
- September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)[21][22]
- Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290)[23]
- Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1286)[24]
Deaths
- March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain[25]
- March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)[26][27]
- March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania[28][29]
- April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland[30][31][32]
- April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
- Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal[33]
- Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman[34]
- Ugrin Csák (b. c. 1190)[35]
- Gregory (bishop of Győr)[35]
- Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia[33]
- James (bishop of Nyitra)[35]
- Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury[33]
- Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)[35]
- Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania[35]
- Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary[33]
- June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria[36][37]
- August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in England[38][39]
- August 22 – Pope Gregory IX[40][41]
- September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop[42]
- September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)[14][15]
- September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet[43][44]
- November 10 – Pope Celestine IV[45][46]
- December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)[47][48]
- Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi[49]
- Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200)[50]
- Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman[33]
- Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr[51]
- Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208)[52]
- Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185)[53][54]
- Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239)[55][56]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gabriel, Richard A. (2006). Genghis Khan's Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 9780806137346.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. London and New York: Routledge. p. 310. ISBN 9781135954949.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Britannica Educational Publishing (2011). War on Land. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 9781615307524.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jackson, Peter (2014). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. London and New York: Routledge. p. 63. ISBN 9781317878995.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.May, Timothy (2016). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 102–104. ISBN 9781610693400.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eggenberger, David (2012). An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. New York: Courier Corporation. p. 280. ISBN 9780486142012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stanton, Charles D. (2015). Medieval Maritime Warfare. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword. p. 128. ISBN 9781781592519.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Whalen, Brett Edward (2019). The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 9780812296129.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Keenan, Desmond (2010). Ireland 1170-1509, Society and History. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation. p. 443. ISBN 9781453584316.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cope, Tim (2013). On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads. London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: A&C Black. pp. 487–488. ISBN 9781408825051.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Trawinski, Allan (2017). The Clash of Civilizations. New York: Page Publishing Inc. ISBN 9781635687125.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stephenson, David (2019). Medieval Wales c.1050-1332: Centuries of Ambiguity. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 19. ISBN 9781786833877.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Breverton, Terry (2017). Owen Tudor: Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445654195.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ruud, Jay (2006). Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts on File. p. 593. ISBN 0-8160-5497-5.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wanner, Kevin J. (2008). Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia. Toronto, Buffalo, NY and London: University of Toronto Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780802098016.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Murray, Julia K. (2014). "Confucian Iconography". In Lagerwey, John; Marsone, Pierre (eds.). Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vols): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 815. ISBN 9789004271647.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland (2003). Cua, Antonio S. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. New York, London: Routledge. p. 903. ISBN 9781135367480.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9780810875135.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. Vol. II. London and New York: Routledge. p. 933. ISBN 9781579580414.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Universidad de Valladolid".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Robertson, E. William (1862). Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the 13th Century. Vol. II. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas. p. 33.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dalrymple, Sir David (1819). Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI, to which are Added, Tracts Relative to the History and Antiquities of Scotland. Vol. I. Edinburgh: A. Constable. p. 16.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cockerill, Sara (2014). Eleanor of Castile: The Shadow Queen. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445636054.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carlquist, Erik; Hogg, Peter C.; Österberg, Eva (2011). The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden. Lund, Sweden: Nordic Academic Press. p. 238. ISBN 9789185509577.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.István Vásáry (March 24, 2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-139-44408-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005). Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 82. ISBN 9781402725920.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bain, R. Nisbet (2013) [1905]. Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781107688858.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 411. ISBN 9780521815390.
1241 Pousa transylvania.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sălăgean, Tudor (2016). Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 9789004311343.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bretschneider, E. (1876). Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. London: Trübner & Company. p. 87.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 164. ISBN 9781576070918.
1241 Henry II Poland.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grant, R. G. (2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. New York: Chartwell Books. p. 168. ISBN 9780785835530.
- ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in magyar). Helikon Kiadó. pp. 251, 256, 269, 364, 451. ISBN 963-208-970-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in magyar). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. p. 313. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.
- ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.B. Szabó, János (2007). A tatárjárás. A mongol hódítás és Magyarország [The Mongol Invasion of Hungary] (in magyar). Corvina. p. 141. ISBN 978-963-13-6348-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Font, Marta (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. I. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 286. ISBN 9780195334036.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9781139444088.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael C. E. (1999). The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. p. 164. ISBN 9780851157511.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Seabourne, Dr Gwen (2013). Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c.1170-1509. Surrey, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 82. ISBN 9781409482321.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rist, Rebecca (2009). The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198-1245. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 9781441179524.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bird, Jessalynn; Peters, Edward; Powell, James M. (2013). Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 397. ISBN 9780812244786.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hinz, Johannes (1996). Pommern: Wegweiser durch ein unvergessenes Land (in Deutsch). Augsburg, Germany: Bechtermünz. p. 73. ISBN 9783860471814.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mostow, Joshua S. (1996). Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780824817053.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vieillard-Baron, Michel (2014). "Power of Words: Forging Fujiwara no Teika's Poetic Theory. A Philological Approach to Japanese Poetics". In Hockx, Michel; Smits, Ivo (eds.). Reading East Asian Writing: The Limits of Literary Theory. London and New York: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 9781136134029.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ullmann, Walter (2003). A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. London and New York: Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 9781134415359.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cheney, C. R.; Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (2000). A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks. Vol. 4. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780521778459.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, MA and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 263. ISBN 9780810874978.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Huffman, Joseph P. (2000). The Social Politics of Medieval Diplomacy: Anglo-German Relations (1066-1307). Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 264. ISBN 9780472110612.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ruh, Kurt (2002) [1993]. Storia della mistica occidentale (in italiano). Vol. II: Mistica femminile e mistica francescana delle origini. Milan, italy: Vita e Pensiero. p. 412. ISBN 9788834336755.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wispelwey, Berend (2011). Biographical Index of the Middle Ages. Vol. 1. Munich, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. p. 748. ISBN 9783110914160.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kerékgyártó, Árpád (1858). Magyarok életrajzai: Hajdankor 1600 (in magyar). Pest, Hungary: Magyar Mihál. p. 214.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Font, Márta; Barabás, Gábor (2019). Coloman, King of Galicia and Duke of Slavonia (1208–1241): Medieval Central Europe and Hungarian Power. Amsterdam University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-164-1890-24-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bauer, S. Wise (2013). The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 352. ISBN 9780393059762.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Saunders, J. J. (2001). The History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780812217667.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Heywood, Colin (1999). "The Frontier in Ottoman History: Old Ideas and New Myths". In Power, Daniel; Standen, Naomi (eds.). Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700. Basingstoke, UK and New York: Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 236. ISBN 9781349274390.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Can, Sefik (2009) [1999]. Fundamentals Of Rumis Thought (in Türkçe). Somerset, NJ: Tughra Books. p. 2. ISBN 9781597846134.
