Abutilon
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Abutilon /əˈbjuːtɪlɒn/[3] is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae.[4] It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics[5] of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.[6] General common names include Indian mallow[7] and velvetleaf;[8] ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple. The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word[9] that came from the Arabic Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[10] the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.[11]
The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species Abutilon pictum and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", were transferred to the new genus Callianthe in 2012.[12]
Description
Plants of this genus include herbs, shrubs, and trees.[5] They range in height from about 0.5 to 3 meters (1.6 to 9.8 feet).[13] The herbage is generally hairy to woolly or bristly.[14] The leaf blades are usually entire, but the occasional species has lobed leaves. They are palmately veined and have wavy or serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, paired, or borne in small inflorescences in the leaf axils or toward the branch tips. The calyx is bell-shaped with five lobes. The corolla is usually bell-shaped to wheel-shaped, with five petals joined at the bases.
The flowers of wild species are most often yellow or orange,[5] but can be red or pinkish, sometimes with a darker center. The stamens are fused into a tube lined at the mouth with anthers. Inside the tube is the branching style with head-like stigmas. The fruit is a rounded or hemispherical schizocarp with up to 20 segments, each containing a few seeds.[5][14]
Selected species
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- Abutilon bivalve (Cav.) Dorr
- Abutilon cryptopetalum (F.Muell.) Benth.
- Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum – hiddenpetal Indian mallow (Lānaʻi in Hawaii)
- Abutilon fraseri (Hook.f.) Walp. - Dwarf lantern-flower
- Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. – Texas Indian mallow
- Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet – hairy Indian mallow
- Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell
- Abutilon halophilum F.Muell. ex Schltdl.
- Abutilon hulseanum Torr. ex A.Gray
- Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet – hoary abutilon, pelotazo (Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, Hawaii)
- Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – Indian abutilon, Indian lantern-flower, monkeybush
- Abutilon julianae Endl.
- Abutilon lepidum (F.Muell.) A.S.Mitch.
- Abutilon leucopetalum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – desert Chinese-lantern
- Abutilon listeri Baker f.
- Abutilon menziesii Seem. – koʻoloaʻula (Hawaii)
- Abutilon otocarpum F.Muell.
- Abutilon oxycarpum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – small-leaved abutilon
- Abutilon palmeri A.Gray – Palmer's Indian mallow
- Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl.
- Abutilon parishii A.Watson – Parish's Indian mallow
- Abutilon parvulum A.Gray – dwarf Indian mallow
- Abutilon persicum (Burm.f.) Merr.
- Abutilon pitcairnense Fosberg
- Abutilon sachetianum Fosberg
- Abutilon sandwicense (O.Deg.) Christoph. – greenflower Indian mallow (Oahʻu in Hawaii)
- Abutilon theophrasti Medik. – butterprint, abutilon-hemp, China-jute, velvetleaf (in USA), swamp Chinese-lantern, common yellow mallow
Hybrids
- Abutilon × hybridum (unknown parentage)
Formerly placed here
- Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney (as A. vitifolium (Cav.) C.Presl)
- Pseudabutilon thurberi (A.Gray) Fryxell (as A. thurberi A.Gray)
- Callianthe megapotamica (A.Spreng.) Dorr (as A. megapotamicum (A.Spreng.) A.St.-Hil. & Naudin)
- Callianthe × milleri (Anon.) J.C.David (as A. × milleri Anon.; A. megapotamicum × A. pictum)
- Callianthe picta (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Donnell (as A. pictum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp.)
- Callianthe striata (G.F.Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell (as A. striatum G.F.Dicks. ex Lindl.)
Cultivation
Some abutilons are cultivated as garden plants. Several hybrids and cultivars have been developed.
Cultivars, hybrids, and species that have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit include:
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Abutilons can be propagated from seed or via cuttings. A. megapoticum is grown as a house plant, but needs considerable light, including several hours of sunlight per day, and moderate temperatures of 61 to 74 °F (16 to 23 °C). The best potting medium is a loose soil rich in organic material and sand and watered when dry to the touch. The amount of watering should be reduced from November to March and the plant pruned back one third at the end of this rest period. The plant is prone to attack by scale insects. The plant is best replaced every two to three years with new specimens.[28]
Gallery
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Abutilon 'Kentish Belle'
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon Mill". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2017-04-18.
- ^ Abutilon Mill. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fryxell, Paul (November 2002). "An Abutilon nomenclator (Malvaceae)" (PDF). Lundellia. 5 (5): 79–118. doi:10.25224/1097-993X-5.1.79.
- ^ a b c d Abutilon. Flora of China.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Esteves, G. L.; Krapovickas, A. (2002). "New Species of Abutilon (Malvaceae) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil". Kew Bulletin. 57 (2): 479. Bibcode:2002KewBu..57..479E. doi:10.2307/4111131. JSTOR 4111131.
- ^ Abutilon. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ^ Genus: Abutilon Mill. Script error: No such module "webarchive". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Porcher, Michel H. (2006). "Sorting plant names: Arabic index". Multilingual, Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne.
Transcribed as abū-taylūn in the Plant Index. The New Oxford American Dictionary (3rd edition) gives ūbūṭīlūn - ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".: written aubūtīlūn in both Britannica and the OED.
- ^ Donnell, A.A. in Donnell, A.A., Ballard, Harvey.E. & Cantino, P.D. (2012) Callianthe (Malvaceae): A new genus of neotropical Malveae. Systematic Botany 37(3): 712-722 (718!). Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hildyard, A. (2001). Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. Marshall Cavendish. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7614-7194-3.
- ^ a b Abutilon. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon megapotamicum". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon × milleri". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Canary Bird'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Cannington Carol'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Cannington Peter'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Kentish Belle'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Linda Vista Peach". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Marion'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Nabob'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Orange Glow". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Savitzii'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Souvenir de Bonn'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Abutilon 'Veronica Tennant'". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chiusoli, Alessandro; Boriani, Luisa Maria (1986). Simon & Schuster's guide to houseplants. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0671631314.
External links
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- Abutilon Plant Info and Care Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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