Alces
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Alces is a genus of artiodactyl mammals, that includes the largest species of the deer family.[1]
Taxonomy
Current thinking accepts two species in genus, the extant elk or moose (Alces alces) and the fossil Alces gallicus (also known as the Villafranchian elk[2] or weighing scale elk[3]), that existed in the Pleistocene about 2 million years ago. Sometimes only one species is included in the genus, the modern elk or moose (Alces alces), with the extinct Villafranchian elk being referred to a separate genus, either in Cervalces,[3] or Libralces,[4] since the structure of its antlers differed.[5]
Sometimes the species Alces alces is divided into two separate species, the elk (A. alces sensu stricto, in northern Europe and northwestern Asia) and the moose (A. americanus, in North America and northeastern Asia),[6] but recent opinion has tended to treat these as subspecies of one species.[7] In this treatment, the moose includes all subspecies of Alces alces except the European elk (nominate A. a. alces) and the recently extinct Caucasian elk (A. a. caucasicus), which belong to the elk group. Whether there is one or two modern species in the genus remains controversial. These animals were often divided into two species because the North American and Asian animals have a greater number of chromosomes than the European subspecies; elk have 68 chromosomes, while moose have 70.[8][9] However, this does not prevent extensive hybridisation where their ranges meet along the Yenisei in Siberia.[7]
Gallery
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Elk (A. alces alces), cow, Fokstumyra, Norway
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Elk (A. alces alces), cow, Oppdal, Norway
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Alaska moose (A. alces gigas or A. americanus gigas), bull, Alaska
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Shiras moose (A. alces shirasi or A. americanus shirasi), bull, Wyoming
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Eastern moose (A. alces americanus or A. americanus americanus)
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Genus Alces". Mammal Species of the World. Bucknell University.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Besiou, Eva; Choupa, Maria; Lyras, George; van der Geer, Alexandra (2022). "Body mass divergence in sympatric deer species of Pleistocene Crete (Greece)" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica: 5. doi:10.26879/1221. Retrieved 2025-10-31.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Geology fact sheet: Deer" (PDF). Retrieved 2025-10-31.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Libralces". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2025-10-31.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TAXONOMY AND STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MOOSE (ALCINI, CERVIDAE, MAMMALIA) IN THE LATE CENOZOIC OF EURASIA AND NORTH AMERICA" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-12-05.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Species Alces americanus". Mammal Species of the World. Bucknell University.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2025-10-31.
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