Allen Formation

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Allen Formation
Stratigraphic range: Mid Campanian-Maastrichtian
~73–66 Ma
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Template:Period fossil range
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Outcrop of the Allen and Anacleto Formations at Auca Mahuida
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMalargüe Group
UnderliesJagüel Formation
OverliesAnacleto Formation
Thicknessup to 70 m (230 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, sandstone
OtherLimestone
Location
CoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
Approximate paleocoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
RegionNeuquén, Río Negro & La Pampa Provinces
CountryArgentina
ExtentNeuquén Basin
Type section
Named byUliana & Dellapé
Year defined1981
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The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] Indeterminate chelid remains and other vertebrates have also been discovered in this formation.[2]

Description

File:Allen Formation Fauna.png
Fauna of Allen Formation

Uliana and Dellapé defined the formation's stratotype in 1981 in the eastern area of the Bajo de Añelo, where the relation between the base and top is clearly exposed. The deposits are mostly clastic, interbedded with banks of limestone and layers of anhydrite, which were defined as continental and shallow marine facies associated with semiarid conditions.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

The interpreted sedimentary paleoenvironments range from purely continental such as ephemeral lacustrine, aeolian and fluvial systems to coastal marine paleoenvironments with development of estuaries and tidal flats, followed by a lagoon sedimentary stage from marsh to sea with carbonate precipitation in an area protected from waves, ending with a retraction leading to the accumulation of evaporites.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Armas and Sánchez performed a detailed facies analysis of the formation in 2015, where the authors concluded the formation represents a hybrid coastal system of tidal flats, dominated by Atlantic ingressions, with a large storm influence in some areas linked to aeolian systems.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

A study of pollen found in outcrops of the middle member of the Allen Formation supported a late Maastrichtian age for these layers.[3]

Fossil content

File:Quilmesaurus hunting Bonapartesaurus version 2.jpg
Life restoration of some dinosaurs discovered in the Allen Formation

Dinosaurs

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaur eggs are known from the formation.[4]

Ornithischians

Ankylosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Ankylosauria[5] Indeterminate Arriagada Farm Two teeth, five osteoderms, and a partial sacrum Fossil remains possibly belonging to a parankylosaur distinct from Patagopelta
Patagopelta P. cristata Salitral Moreno locality Lower Multiple specimens and fragmentary remains, including skull bones, vertebrae, limb bones and girdles, and osteoderms. A probable parankylosaur[6]
File:Patagopelta into the water.png
Hadrosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Bonapartesaurus B. rionegrensis Salitral Moreno and Islas Malvinas. Lower A partial skeleton. A hadrosaur
File:Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis.png
Kelumapusaura K. machi Cerro Matadero, Arriagada Farm Upper Partial skull, a cervical vertebrae, several sacrals, sternal rib and sternal plate, and multiple referred specimens found in a bonebed A saurolophine hadrosaur[7]
File:Kelumapusaura.jpg
Lapampasaurus L. cholinoi Islas Malvinas Lower Elements of the axial and appendicular skeleton of a subadult individual A hadrosaurLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Willinakaqe W. salitralensis Salitral Moreno site. Lower A right premaxilla. A saurolophine hadrosaur[8]

Saurischians

Sauropods
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Aeolosaurus Indeterminate Lower A titanosaur[4]
File:Aeolosaurus-rionegrinus-JD-2020-1.png
Aeolosaurus
File:Bonatitan reconstruction.png
Bonatitan
File:Rocasaurus muniozi.jpg
Rocasaurus
File:Pellegrinisaurus Skeleton reconstruction.jpg
Pellegrinisaurus

Bonatitan

B.reigi[9]

Lower Braincases, caudal vertebrae, and several limb elements A titanosaur[9]
Menucocelsior M. arriagadai Lower Seventeen caudal vertebrae and several appendicular bones: a right humerus, a left fibula and some metapodial. A titanosaur[10]
Panamericansaurus P. schroederi "Five tail vertebrata, sacral vertebrae, left humerus and rib fragments" A titanosaur[4][11]
Pellegrinisaurus? P. powelli Lower (if it is from the formation) "Dorsal and caudal vertebrae, partial femur" A titanosaur[4][11]
Rocasaurus R. muniozi Middle "Partial postcranial skeleton" A titanosaur[4][12]

Theropods

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Austroraptor A. cabazai Lower[citation needed] A fragmentary skeleton including parts of the skull, lower jaw, a few neck and torso vertebrae, some ribs, a humerus, and assorted bones from both legs A dromaeosaurid
File:Austroraptor Reconstruction.jpg
Bonapartenykus B. ultimus Upper A holotype consists of a mid-dorsal vertebra, both scapulocoracoids, left tibia and femur, left pubis articulated with the pubic peduncle of the ilium, the anterior blade of the left ilium, and two partially preserved eggs. An alvarezsauroid
File:Bonapartenykus (life restoration).png
Lamarqueavis L. australis Lower "Right coracoid with damaged sternal and omal extremities, and lacking acrocoracoidal process" An ornithuran[13]
Limenavis L. patagonica Lower "Partial forelimb" An ornithuran[4][14]
Niebla N. antiqua Upper Braincase, fragmentary jaw and teeth, relatively complete scapulocoracoid, dorsal ribs, and incomplete vertebrae. An abelisaurid[15]
File:Abelisauridae-Niebla-antiqua.jpg
Quilmesaurus Q. curriei Upper Femur and distal tibia An abelisaurid[4][16]
File:Quilmesaurus curriei.jpg

Pterosaurs

Fragmentary fossils are known from the formation.[4]

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Aerotitan A. sudamericanus Bajo de Arriagada Upper Partial rostrum The first unambiguous azhdarchid from South-AmericaLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
File:Aerotitan sudamericanus.png

Fish

Genus[2] Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Atlantoceratodus A. patagonicus 3 tooth plates A ceratorontiform lungfish[17]
Belonostomus B. lamarquensis A aspidorhynchid fish[18]
Chondrichthyes indeterminate 11 vertebral centra
Diplomystidae indeterminate 4 incomplete pectoral spines
Siluriformes indeterminate 5 incomplete pectoral spines
Lepisosteidae indeterminate 6 vertebral centra
Teleostei indeterminate 10 isolated teeth
cf. Percichthyidae indeterminate 19 fragmentary vertebrae

Squamata

Genus[2][19] Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Alamitophis A. argentinus incomplete trunk vertebra
Madtsoiidae indeterminate incomplete trunk vertebra
Paleoteius [20] P. lakui Bonapartenykus site on Arriagada Farm Upper A specimen consists of a partial skull and skeleton belonging to a single individual. A lizard
Patagoniophis P. parvus incomplete trunk vertebra
Pleurodonta indeterminate incomplete left maxilla
?Scincoidea indeterminate incomplete left maxilla
Teiioidea indeterminate incomplete right maxilla

Turtles

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Iaremys I. batrachomorpha A chelid turtle[21]
Trapalcochelys T. sulcata A meiolaniform turtle[22]
Yaminuechelys Y. gasperinii A chelid turtle

Rhynchocephalia

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Lamarquesaurus L. cabazai Cerro Tortuga [23]

Plesiosauria

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Kawanectes K. lafquenianum Quarry of the “Bentonitas Patagónicas” company Upper A partial skeleton consists of six cervical vertebrae, three dorsal vertebrae, three sacral vertebrae, nine caudal vertebrae, right femur, right humerus, ilium, one 216 mesopodial element, one caudal phalanx and one caudal rib . An elasmosaur.
File:Kawanectes lafquenianum.png

Frogs

Unnamed frogs belonging to the family Calyptocephalellidae and Leptodactylidae, and those with no family designation were also found.[24][2]

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Calyptocephalella C. satan Cerro Tortuga Lower A right incomplete maxilla. A calyptocephalellid frog[25]
Kuruleufenia K. xenopoides Cerro Tortuga, Bajo Santa Rosa, and Cerro Bonaparte Lower An almost complete sphenethmoid. Pipid frog[26]

Mammals

The mammal fauna of the Allen Formation is known from seven teeth, which document the presence of several species.[27]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Mesungulatum M. lamarquensis Cerro Tortuga Two upper molars and a fragmentary lower molar A dryolestoid
Groebertherium G. stipanicici Cerro Tortuga One upper molar A dryolestoid
cf. Brandonia sp. Cerro Tortuga One lower molar A dryolestoid
Barberenia B. allenensis Cerro Tortuga One upper molariform A dryolestoid
Solanutheirum S. walshi Cerro Tortuga A right lower molar and left dentary fragment. A meridiolestid.[28]
Trapalcotherium T. matuastensis Cerro Tortuga One first lower molar A gondwanathere

Plants

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Podocarpoxylon P. mazzonii Valcheta Petrified Forest, Río Negro Province.[29] Lower Fossil wood[29] A conifer tree
Wintucycas[30] W. stevensonii Salitral Ojo de Agua, Río Negro Province. Lower Silicificated cycad trunks An encephalartoid cycad

See also

References

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  1. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. Template:ISBN.
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martinelli, Agustín; Forasiepi, Analía (2004). "Late Cretaceous vertebrates from bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Río Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae)". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 6 (2): 257–305. doi:10.22179/REVMACN.6.88.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pincheira, Egly Pérez; Garrido, Alberto Carlos (November 2024). "Palynostratigraphy from the Allen and Jagüel formations at the Cerro Gutiérrez locality, Lago Pellegrini area, South Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 148 105139. Bibcode:2024JSAES.14805139P. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105139.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Weishampel et al., 2004, p.604
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Álvarez Nogueira, Rodrigo; Agnolín, Federico L.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro; Novas, Fernando E. (2 January 2025). "Ankylosaurian remains from a new Campanian–Maastrichtian locality in Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 49 (1): 69–78. Bibcode:2025Alch...49...69A. doi:10.1080/03115518.2025.2467462.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Soto Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan (2024). "A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi (Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)". Advances in Polar Science. 35 (1): 78–107. doi:10.12429/j.advps.2023.0036.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro; Aranciaga-Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Novas, Fernando Emilio (2 September 2021). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (17): 1207–1235. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1207R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917.
  8. ^ Juárez Valieri et al., 2010
  9. ^ a b "63.10 Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina; 4. Río Colorado Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 604.
  10. ^ Rolando et al., 2022
  11. ^ a b "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.269
  12. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.270
  13. ^ Agnolin, 2010
  14. ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.215
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Agnolín, Federico l.; Motta, Matías J.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brisson Eglí, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (January 2021). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105 102915. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10502915A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. hdl:11336/150468.
  16. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.77
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federico Agnolin (2010). "A new species of the genus Atlantoceratodus (Dipnoiformes: Ceratodontoidei) from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Patagonia and a brief overview of fossil dipnoans from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of South America". Brazilian Geographical Journal: Geosciences and Humanities Research Medium. 1 (2): 162–210.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sergio Bogan; Louis Taverne; Federico L. Agnolin (2011). "Description of a new aspidorhynchid fish, Belonostomus lamarquensis sp. nov. (Halecostomi, Aspidorhynchiformes), from the continental Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 81: 235–245.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Garberoglio, F. F.; Gómez, R. O.; Apesteguía, S.; Rougier, G. W. (2024). "A Late Cretaceous lizard assemblage from the Allen Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 37 (4): 950–962. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2344789.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agnolín, Federico L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro; Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Rodríguez, Ana Moreno; Chafrat, Pablo; Vega, Nahuel; Scanferla, Agustín; Smith, Krister T.; Novas, Fernando E. (2026-02-28). "A new late Cretaceous squamate from Patagonia sheds light on Gondwanan diversity". Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-40914-8. ISSN 2045-2322.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agnolín, F. L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, A. M.; Ortiz, R. (2024). "New chelid turtle with a flattened skull from the Late Cretaceous of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 49: 79–84. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2427261.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sterli, Juliana; Fuente, Marcelo S. De La; Cerda, Ignacio A. (April 2013). "A New Species of Meiolaniform Turtle and a Revision of the Late Cretaceous Meiolaniformes of South America". Ameghiniana. 50 (2): 240–256. Bibcode:2013Amegh..50..240S. doi:10.5710/amgh.16.01.2013.582.
  23. ^ Apesteguía & Rougier, 2007, p.3
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suazo Lara, F.; Gómez, R.O. (March 2022). "In the shadow of dinosaurs: Late Cretaceous frogs are distinct components of a widespread tetrapod assemblage across Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 131 105085. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13105085S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105085.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federico Agnolin (2012). "A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position". Studia Geologica Salmanticensia. 48 (2): 129–178.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gómez, Raúl O. (July 2016). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae". Cretaceous Research. 62: 52–64. Bibcode:2016CrRes..62...52G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. hdl:11336/59544.
  27. ^ Rougier et al., 2009
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Connelly, B. E.; Cardozo, M. S.; Montgomery, J. D.; Rougier, G. W. (2024). "New mammals from the Upper Cretaceous Allen Formation (Patagonia, Argentina) and reassessment of meridiolestidan diversity". Cretaceous Research. 162 105935. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16205935C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105935.
  29. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Passalia, M.G.; Garrido, A.; Iglesias, A.; Vera, E.I. (February 2023). "The Valcheta Petrified Forest (Upper Cretaceous), northern Patagonia, Argentina: A geological and paleobotanical survey". Cretaceous Research. 142 105395. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14205395P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105395.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leandro Carlos Alcides Martinez; Analia Emilia Eva Artabe; Josefina Bodnar (2012). "A new cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 170 (3): 436–458. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01300.x.

Bibliography

Further reading

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