Allen Formation
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| Allen Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Mid Campanian-Maastrichtian ~ Template:Period fossil range | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Outcrop of the Allen and Anacleto Formations at Auca Mahuida | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Malargüe Group |
| Underlies | Jagüel Formation |
| Overlies | Anacleto Formation |
| Thickness | up to 70 m (230 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone, sandstone |
| Other | Limestone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Region | Neuquén, Río Negro & La Pampa Provinces |
| Country | Argentina |
| Extent | Neuquén Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named by | Uliana & Dellapé |
| Year defined | 1981 |
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The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] Indeterminate chelid remains and other vertebrates have also been discovered in this formation.[2]
Description
Uliana and Dellapé defined the formation's stratotype in 1981 in the eastern area of the Bajo de Añelo, where the relation between the base and top is clearly exposed. The deposits are mostly clastic, interbedded with banks of limestone and layers of anhydrite, which were defined as continental and shallow marine facies associated with semiarid conditions.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
The interpreted sedimentary paleoenvironments range from purely continental such as ephemeral lacustrine, aeolian and fluvial systems to coastal marine paleoenvironments with development of estuaries and tidal flats, followed by a lagoon sedimentary stage from marsh to sea with carbonate precipitation in an area protected from waves, ending with a retraction leading to the accumulation of evaporites.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Armas and Sánchez performed a detailed facies analysis of the formation in 2015, where the authors concluded the formation represents a hybrid coastal system of tidal flats, dominated by Atlantic ingressions, with a large storm influence in some areas linked to aeolian systems.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
A study of pollen found in outcrops of the middle member of the Allen Formation supported a late Maastrichtian age for these layers.[3]
Fossil content
Dinosaurs
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Dinosaur eggs are known from the formation.[4]
Ornithischians
- Ankylosaurs
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosauria[5] | Indeterminate | Arriagada Farm | Two teeth, five osteoderms, and a partial sacrum | Fossil remains possibly belonging to a parankylosaur distinct from Patagopelta | ||
| Patagopelta | P. cristata | Salitral Moreno locality | Lower | Multiple specimens and fragmentary remains, including skull bones, vertebrae, limb bones and girdles, and osteoderms. | A probable parankylosaur[6] |
- Hadrosaurs
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonapartesaurus | B. rionegrensis | Salitral Moreno and Islas Malvinas. | Lower | A partial skeleton. | A hadrosaur | |
| Kelumapusaura | K. machi | Cerro Matadero, Arriagada Farm | Upper | Partial skull, a cervical vertebrae, several sacrals, sternal rib and sternal plate, and multiple referred specimens found in a bonebed | A saurolophine hadrosaur[7] | |
| Lapampasaurus | L. cholinoi | Islas Malvinas | Lower | Elements of the axial and appendicular skeleton of a subadult individual | A hadrosaurLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. | |
| Willinakaqe | W. salitralensis | Salitral Moreno site. | Lower | A right premaxilla. | A saurolophine hadrosaur[8] |
Saurischians
- Sauropods
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeolosaurus | Indeterminate | Lower | A titanosaur[4] | |||
|
B.reigi[9] |
Lower | Braincases, caudal vertebrae, and several limb elements | A titanosaur[9] | |||
| Menucocelsior | M. arriagadai | Lower | Seventeen caudal vertebrae and several appendicular bones: a right humerus, a left fibula and some metapodial. | A titanosaur[10] | ||
| Panamericansaurus | P. schroederi | "Five tail vertebrata, sacral vertebrae, left humerus and rib fragments" | A titanosaur[4][11] | |||
| Pellegrinisaurus? | P. powelli | Lower (if it is from the formation) | "Dorsal and caudal vertebrae, partial femur" | A titanosaur[4][11] | ||
| Rocasaurus | R. muniozi | Middle | "Partial postcranial skeleton" | A titanosaur[4][12] |
Theropods
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austroraptor | A. cabazai | Lower[citation needed] | A fragmentary skeleton including parts of the skull, lower jaw, a few neck and torso vertebrae, some ribs, a humerus, and assorted bones from both legs | A dromaeosaurid | ||
| Bonapartenykus | B. ultimus | Upper | A holotype consists of a mid-dorsal vertebra, both scapulocoracoids, left tibia and femur, left pubis articulated with the pubic peduncle of the ilium, the anterior blade of the left ilium, and two partially preserved eggs. | An alvarezsauroid | ||
| Lamarqueavis | L. australis | Lower | "Right coracoid with damaged sternal and omal extremities, and lacking acrocoracoidal process" | An ornithuran[13] | ||
| Limenavis | L. patagonica | Lower | "Partial forelimb" | An ornithuran[4][14] | ||
| Niebla | N. antiqua | Upper | Braincase, fragmentary jaw and teeth, relatively complete scapulocoracoid, dorsal ribs, and incomplete vertebrae. | An abelisaurid[15] | ||
| Quilmesaurus | Q. curriei | Upper | Femur and distal tibia | An abelisaurid[4][16] |
Pterosaurs
Fragmentary fossils are known from the formation.[4]
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerotitan | A. sudamericanus | Bajo de Arriagada | Upper | Partial rostrum | The first unambiguous azhdarchid from South-AmericaLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. |
Fish
| Genus[2] | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantoceratodus | A. patagonicus | 3 tooth plates | A ceratorontiform lungfish[17] | |||
| Belonostomus | B. lamarquensis | A aspidorhynchid fish[18] | ||||
| Chondrichthyes | indeterminate | 11 vertebral centra | ||||
| Diplomystidae | indeterminate | 4 incomplete pectoral spines | ||||
| Siluriformes | indeterminate | 5 incomplete pectoral spines | ||||
| Lepisosteidae | indeterminate | 6 vertebral centra | ||||
| Teleostei | indeterminate | 10 isolated teeth | ||||
| cf. Percichthyidae | indeterminate | 19 fragmentary vertebrae |
Squamata
| Genus[2][19] | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alamitophis | A. argentinus | incomplete trunk vertebra | ||||
| Madtsoiidae | indeterminate | incomplete trunk vertebra | ||||
| Paleoteius [20] | P. lakui | Bonapartenykus site on Arriagada Farm | Upper | A specimen consists of a partial skull and skeleton belonging to a single individual. | A lizard | |
| Patagoniophis | P. parvus | incomplete trunk vertebra | ||||
| Pleurodonta | indeterminate | incomplete left maxilla | ||||
| ?Scincoidea | indeterminate | incomplete left maxilla | ||||
| Teiioidea | indeterminate | incomplete right maxilla |
Turtles
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iaremys | I. batrachomorpha | A chelid turtle[21] | ||||
| Trapalcochelys | T. sulcata | A meiolaniform turtle[22] | ||||
| Yaminuechelys | Y. gasperinii | A chelid turtle |
Rhynchocephalia
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamarquesaurus | L. cabazai | Cerro Tortuga | [23] |
Plesiosauria
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kawanectes | K. lafquenianum | Quarry of the “Bentonitas Patagónicas” company | Upper | A partial skeleton consists of six cervical vertebrae, three dorsal vertebrae, three sacral vertebrae, nine caudal vertebrae, right femur, right humerus, ilium, one 216 mesopodial element, one caudal phalanx and one caudal rib . | An elasmosaur. |
Frogs
Unnamed frogs belonging to the family Calyptocephalellidae and Leptodactylidae, and those with no family designation were also found.[24][2]
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calyptocephalella | C. satan | Cerro Tortuga | Lower | A right incomplete maxilla. | A calyptocephalellid frog[25] | |
| Kuruleufenia | K. xenopoides | Cerro Tortuga, Bajo Santa Rosa, and Cerro Bonaparte | Lower | An almost complete sphenethmoid. | Pipid frog[26] |
Mammals
The mammal fauna of the Allen Formation is known from seven teeth, which document the presence of several species.[27]
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesungulatum | M. lamarquensis | Cerro Tortuga | Two upper molars and a fragmentary lower molar | A dryolestoid | |
| Groebertherium | G. stipanicici | Cerro Tortuga | One upper molar | A dryolestoid | |
| cf. Brandonia | sp. | Cerro Tortuga | One lower molar | A dryolestoid | |
| Barberenia | B. allenensis | Cerro Tortuga | One upper molariform | A dryolestoid | |
| Solanutheirum | S. walshi | Cerro Tortuga | A right lower molar and left dentary fragment. | A meridiolestid.[28] | |
| Trapalcotherium | T. matuastensis | Cerro Tortuga | One first lower molar | A gondwanathere |
Plants
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Podocarpoxylon | P. mazzonii | Valcheta Petrified Forest, Río Negro Province.[29] | Lower | Fossil wood[29] | A conifer tree | |
| Wintucycas[30] | W. stevensonii | Salitral Ojo de Agua, Río Negro Province. | Lower | Silicificated cycad trunks | An encephalartoid cycad |
See also
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- Adamantina Formation
- La Colonia Formation
- Lecho Formation
- Los Alamitos Formation
- Los Llanos Formation
- Marília Formation
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. Template:ISBN.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martinelli, Agustín; Forasiepi, Analía (2004). "Late Cretaceous vertebrates from bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Río Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae)". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 6 (2): 257–305. doi:10.22179/REVMACN.6.88.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pincheira, Egly Pérez; Garrido, Alberto Carlos (November 2024). "Palynostratigraphy from the Allen and Jagüel formations at the Cerro Gutiérrez locality, Lago Pellegrini area, South Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 148 105139. Bibcode:2024JSAES.14805139P. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105139.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Weishampel et al., 2004, p.604
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Álvarez Nogueira, Rodrigo; Agnolín, Federico L.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro; Novas, Fernando E. (2 January 2025). "Ankylosaurian remains from a new Campanian–Maastrichtian locality in Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 49 (1): 69–78. Bibcode:2025Alch...49...69A. doi:10.1080/03115518.2025.2467462.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Soto Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan (2024). "A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi (Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)". Advances in Polar Science. 35 (1): 78–107. doi:10.12429/j.advps.2023.0036.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro; Aranciaga-Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Novas, Fernando Emilio (2 September 2021). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (17): 1207–1235. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1207R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917.
- ^ Juárez Valieri et al., 2010
- ^ a b "63.10 Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina; 4. Río Colorado Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 604.
- ^ Rolando et al., 2022
- ^ a b "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.269
- ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.270
- ^ Agnolin, 2010
- ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.215
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Agnolín, Federico l.; Motta, Matías J.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brisson Eglí, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (January 2021). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105 102915. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10502915A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. hdl:11336/150468.
- ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.77
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federico Agnolin (2010). "A new species of the genus Atlantoceratodus (Dipnoiformes: Ceratodontoidei) from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Patagonia and a brief overview of fossil dipnoans from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of South America". Brazilian Geographical Journal: Geosciences and Humanities Research Medium. 1 (2): 162–210.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sergio Bogan; Louis Taverne; Federico L. Agnolin (2011). "Description of a new aspidorhynchid fish, Belonostomus lamarquensis sp. nov. (Halecostomi, Aspidorhynchiformes), from the continental Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 81: 235–245.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Garberoglio, F. F.; Gómez, R. O.; Apesteguía, S.; Rougier, G. W. (2024). "A Late Cretaceous lizard assemblage from the Allen Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 37 (4): 950–962. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2344789.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agnolín, Federico L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro; Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Rodríguez, Ana Moreno; Chafrat, Pablo; Vega, Nahuel; Scanferla, Agustín; Smith, Krister T.; Novas, Fernando E. (2026-02-28). "A new late Cretaceous squamate from Patagonia sheds light on Gondwanan diversity". Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-40914-8. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agnolín, F. L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, A. M.; Ortiz, R. (2024). "New chelid turtle with a flattened skull from the Late Cretaceous of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 49: 79–84. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2427261.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sterli, Juliana; Fuente, Marcelo S. De La; Cerda, Ignacio A. (April 2013). "A New Species of Meiolaniform Turtle and a Revision of the Late Cretaceous Meiolaniformes of South America". Ameghiniana. 50 (2): 240–256. Bibcode:2013Amegh..50..240S. doi:10.5710/amgh.16.01.2013.582.
- ^ Apesteguía & Rougier, 2007, p.3
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suazo Lara, F.; Gómez, R.O. (March 2022). "In the shadow of dinosaurs: Late Cretaceous frogs are distinct components of a widespread tetrapod assemblage across Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 131 105085. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13105085S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105085.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federico Agnolin (2012). "A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position". Studia Geologica Salmanticensia. 48 (2): 129–178.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gómez, Raúl O. (July 2016). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae". Cretaceous Research. 62: 52–64. Bibcode:2016CrRes..62...52G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. hdl:11336/59544.
- ^ Rougier et al., 2009
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Connelly, B. E.; Cardozo, M. S.; Montgomery, J. D.; Rougier, G. W. (2024). "New mammals from the Upper Cretaceous Allen Formation (Patagonia, Argentina) and reassessment of meridiolestidan diversity". Cretaceous Research. 162 105935. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16205935C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105935.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Passalia, M.G.; Garrido, A.; Iglesias, A.; Vera, E.I. (February 2023). "The Valcheta Petrified Forest (Upper Cretaceous), northern Patagonia, Argentina: A geological and paleobotanical survey". Cretaceous Research. 142 105395. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14205395P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105395.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leandro Carlos Alcides Martinez; Analia Emilia Eva Artabe; Josefina Bodnar (2012). "A new cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 170 (3): 436–458. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01300.x.
Bibliography
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Further reading
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.O'gorman, José Patricio; Salgado, Leonardo; Gasparini, Zulma (March 2011). "Plesiosaurios de la Formación Allen (Campaniano-Maastrichtiano) en el Área del Salitral de Santa Rosa (Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina)". Ameghiniana. 48 (1): 129–135. Bibcode:2011Amegh..48..129O. doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i1(308).