Andacollo
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Andacollo | |
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| Country | File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile |
| Region | File:Flag of Coquimbo Region, Chile.svg Coquimbo |
| Province | Elqui |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| Area | |
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| Population (2012 Census)[2] | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2012 Census)[2] | |
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| • Urban | Template:Fix comma category |
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| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Sex | |
| • Men | 5,148 |
| • Women | 5,140 |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (CLT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−3 (CLST) |
| Template:Pluralize from text | country 56 + city 51Template:Pluralize from text |
| Website | Municipality of Andacollo |
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Andacollo (Script error: No such module "IPA"., from quechua anta, copper, gold; coya, queen) is a city and commune in the Elqui Province, Coquimbo Region, Chile. It is one of Chile's oldest and best known pilgrimage centers with Our Lady of Andacollo attracting thousands of devotees and tourists each year.
Economically, Andacollo is the central town of a mining district dominated by medium-scale mining.[3] There are gold placers and gold mineralizations within felsic volcanic rock in its vicinity.[4] The large open-pit copper mine Carmen de Andacollo lies next to the town and most of its workers live in the town.[5]
Andacollo has the first project in Chile of reforestation aided by the creation of technosols.[6] The project has been carried out on top of old mine tailings in the vicinity of the town.[6]
History
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". There are indications that the Inca Empire transferred a population of Churumatas from Tarija in present-day Bolivia to the area of Andacollo as attested by existence of a gold mine named Churumata in Spanish colonial times.[7] Similarly, it has been proposed that a population of Tomatas were transferred the other way round from the vicinities of Elqui Valley to Bolivia.[7]
Andacollo is a copper and gold mining city located in the semi-arid mountains of the Norte Chico. It was founded in 1891.
The town was subject to gold rush in the early 1930s when there was a large inflow of gold miners exploiting local placer deposits.[4] While gold mining declined in the late 1930s, around 1935 Andacollo produced as much as 43% of all placer gold of Chile causing a shortage of water needed for processing.[4]
Several legends are told about the name of the city. Some say that it comes from the Quechua Anta-Goya which means cobre-reina (copper queen). Others say that the name means "Hurry up, Collo" (Anda, Collo). According to these legends, La Virgen del Rosario, also known as la Virgen Morena, or Black Madonna, appeared to an indigenous miner called "Collo" in the form of a small wooden statuette hidden in rocks. The statue told the newly converted Collo to build up a church at the place where Andacollo is located today. As many miracles are attributed to the Dark Lady (like stopping the smallpox epidemic of 1871) the city celebrates the Virgin every year on December 24 to 26.
In 1971 state-owned ENAMI began studies to establish the Carmen de Andacollo copper mine where previously disorganized small-scale mining had occurred.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The mine entered production in 1994.[8]
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Andacollo had 10,288 inhabitants (5,148 men and 5,140 women). Of these, 9,444 (91.8%) lived in urban areas and 844 (8.2%) in rural areas. The population fell by 16% (1,958 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[2]
Administration
As a commune, Andacollo is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Andacollo is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Mr. Mario Bertolino (RN) and Marcelo Díaz (PS) as part of the 7th electoral district, (together with La Serena, La Higuera, Vicuña and Paiguano). The commune is represented in the Senate by Evelyn Matthei Fornet (UDI) and Jorge Pizarro Soto (PDC) as part of the 4th senatorial constituency (Coquimbo Region).
Gallery
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Basilica of Andacollo
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City view
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City view
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Aerial view of the city
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Industrial gold mine
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Traditional gold processing
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Mercury evaporation to produce gold
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Municipality of Andacollo" (in español). Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."National Statistics Institute" (in español). Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Distritos productivos para el desarrollo de la minería chilena [Productive districts for the development of mining in Chile] (Report) (in español). Centro de Estudios y Documentación Mineros de SONAMI. 2025.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Millán, Augusto (2006). La minería metálica en Chile en el siglo XX [Metal Mining in Chile in the Twentieth Century] (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria. pp. 13–14. ISBN 956-11-1849-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About Carmen de Andacollo". Teck.com. Retrieved 2025-05-08.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Andacollo convierte relave minero en parque reforestado con tecnosuelo, el primero en Chile". Chile País Minero (in español). 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-30.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barragán V., Mario E. (2020). "Los churumatas del valle de Elqui, en Chile y los indios Tomatas "Copiapóes" de Tarija". Revista Científica de Humanidades (in español). 2 (2): 1–14.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Teck Cominco successfully acquires Aur Resources". International Mining. 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2025-07-30.
- Bibliography
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Danús, Hernán (2007). "V. La geología y las exploraciones mineras". Crónicas mineras de medio siglo (1950-2000) (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: RIL Editores. ISBN 978-956-284-555-7.
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External links
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