Arcachon
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Arcachon (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx) is a commune in the southwestern French department of Gironde. It is a popular seaside resort on the Atlantic coast 55 kilometres (34 mi) southwest of Bordeaux, in the Landes forest. It has a sandy beach and a mild climate, said to be favourable for people suffering from pulmonary complaints.
History
On 2 May 1857, Emperor Napoleon III signed an imperial decree declaring that Arcachon was now an autonomous municipality; coincidentally, the railway line extension from Bordeaux to Arcachon had been completed that same year.[2] At that time, Arcachon was scarcely more than a forest of pine trees, oaks and strawberry trees (arbutus), with no road links and few real houses and a population fewer than 400 people, mostly fishermen and peasants. In earlier years, when some hygienists began to recommend sea bathing, three sea establishments were laid out by investors to attract the Bordeaux bourgeoisie and other wealthy people.[2] This was the beginning of a new lifestyle and some of the locals got the opportunity to claim their independence from La Teste-de-Buch, which owned their properties, in order to found a "free" new town, Arcachon.[citation needed][3] Until 1950, tuberculosis patients also visited Arcachon for fresh-air treatments.[4]
Arcachon is known for the "Arcachonnaise", the local name for an Arcachon villa, the architectural style of many of the older houses built there in the nineteenth century.[5]
The United States Navy established a naval air station in the area on 8 June 1918 to operate seaplanes during World War I. The base closed shortly after the First Armistice at Compiègne.[6]
Population
The historic populations of Arcachon from 1861 until 2023 are shown in the table below.
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Historical population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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<timeline>
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:400 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:15000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(200,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(185,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1850 text:1850 bar:1851 bar:1852 bar:1853 bar:1854 bar:1855 bar:1856 bar:1857 bar:1858 bar:1859 bar:1860 bar:1861 bar:1862 bar:1863 bar:1864 bar:1865 bar:1866 bar:1867 bar:1868 bar:1869 bar:1870 bar:1871 bar:1872 bar:1873 bar:1874 bar:1875 text:1875 bar:1876 bar:1877 bar:1878 bar:1879 bar:1880 bar:1881 bar:1882 bar:1883 bar:1884 bar:1885 bar:1886 bar:1887 bar:1888 bar:1889 bar:1890 bar:1891 bar:1892 bar:1893 bar:1894 bar:1895 bar:1896 bar:1897 bar:1898 bar:1899 bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 text:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 text:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 text:2025 PlotData= color:barra width:4 align:left bar:1861 from: 0 till:736 bar:1866 from: 0 till:2065 bar:1872 from: 0 till:3696 bar:1876 from: 0 till:4981 bar:1881 from: 0 till:7133 bar:1886 from: 0 till:8102 bar:1891 from: 0 till:7910 bar:1896 from: 0 till:8221 bar:1901 from: 0 till:8259 bar:1906 from: 0 till:9279 bar:1911 from: 0 till:10266 bar:1921 from: 0 till:10634 bar:1926 from: 0 till:12261 bar:1931 from: 0 till:13135 bar:1936 from: 0 till:13102 bar:1946 from: 0 till:14603 bar:1954 from: 0 till:14985 bar:1962 from: 0 till:14862 bar:1968 from: 0 till:14986 bar:1975 from: 0 till:13892 bar:1982 from: 0 till:13293 bar:1990 from: 0 till:11770 bar:1999 from: 0 till:11454 bar:2007 from: 0 till:11679 bar:2012 from: 0 till:11307 bar:2017 from: 0 till:11284 bar:2023 from: 0 till:11092</timeline> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (1968–2023)[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geography
At its southern entrance from the Atlantic Ocean, Arcachon Bay is crowned by Europe's largest sand dune, the Dune du Pilat, nearly 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) long, 500 metres (1,600 feet) wide, reaching 110 metres (360 feet) in height, and moving inland at rate of 5 metres (16 feet) a year.[9] Arcachon is one of the largest towns within the Landes forest, alongside Dax and Mont-de-Marsan. The bay provides excellent conditions for growing oysters and around 175 hectares of the bay is dedicated to oyster farming.[10]
The city enjoys a mild climate thanks to the Gulf Stream, a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current originating from the gulf of Mexico.
Transport
The nearest airport is Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport. Arcachon station is daily served by the TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine trains from Bordeaux and also by the TGV Atlantique from Paris on weekends. Public transportation is operated by buses. Boat excursions around Arcachon Bay are provided for tourism, and boat shuttles offer transport to Cap Ferret, the Dune of Pilat, Le Canon, Le Moulleau, Andernos and Banc D'Arguin.[10]
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Arcachon railway station
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City buses
People
- Humbert Balsan - film producer, was born in Arcachon in 1954.
- Carmen Bernos de Gasztold - poet, was born in Arcachon in 1919.
- Sylvie Caster - writer and journalist, was born in Arcachon in 1952.
- Alexandre Dumas - writer, once lived in Arcachon's Ville d'Hiver.
- Ramón Emeterio Betances - Puerto Rican politician, spent close to six months at Arcachon shortly before his death in 1898.
- Jean Périsson - composer, was born here in 1924
- Louise Talma - composer, was born here in 1906.
- Charles Tournemire - composer-organist, died here in 1939.
On the other side of the Bassin d'Arcachon is Cap Ferret, a popular resort for celebrities including Zinedine Zidane and Jean Pierre Pernaut, who have holiday homes.[citation needed]
Twin towns – sister cities
Arcachon is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Aveiro, Portugal
- Template:Flagicon Gardone Riviera, Italy
- Template:Flagicon Goslar, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Pescara, Italy
- Template:Flagicon Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
See also
- Dune du Pilat
- Communes of the Gironde department
- Château Deganne
- Our Lady of Arcachon
- Statue of Heracles, Arcachon
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in français). 2 December 2020.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."L'Histoire de la ville d'Arcachon". Ville-arcachon.fr. 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Guédon, Marcel (2005). Arcachon 150 ans d'histoire. Elytis. ISBN 978-2914659512.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Arcachon Bay-a cosy cocoon". nouvelobs.com. 3 July 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Arcachon's charming and exclusive Ville d'Hiver". housesandapartments.fr. 21 February 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Van Wyen, Adrian O. (1969). Naval Aviation in World War I. Washington, D.C.: Chief of Naval Operations. p. 65.
- ^ Template:Cassini-Ehess
- ^ Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023, INSEE
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Dune du Pilat – Europe's Largest Sand Dune". The French Atlantic Coast.com. 2018.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Oyster farms". bateliers-arcachon.com. 2021. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
External links
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- Official web site
- Template:In lang Dune du Pyla site
- Arcachon web site
- Aerial view of the Dune du Pilat
- Air photography of Arcachon
- Live Camera Arcachon
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