Babol

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Babol
Template:Langx
City
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CountryIran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyBabol
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorMarziyeh Alijan-Nejad[3]
Area
 • Total
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Elevation
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Population
 (2016)[4]
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Population
 (2016)[4]
 • Total
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Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Postal Code
48xxx-xxxxx
Template:Pluralize from text011Template:Pluralize from text
Vehicle PlateIRAN ج72 , ج82 , ص82
Former NamesBarforoush / Mamatir
Websitebabol.ir

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Babol (Template:Langx; Audio file "Babol.ogg" not found)[a] is a city in the Central District of Babol County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5] Babol is divided into two metropolitan areas (under Iranian law).

History and etymology

File:Bahman Square of Babol.jpg
Bahman Square Babol in 1946

Founded by the Safavids in the 16th century, it was built on the site of the ancient city of Mamtir (deriving from "Mah Mithra" "great Mithra). Mithra or 'The Mediator' was believed to be the savior of creation from the threat of darkness and the one who stands between the light of Ahura Mazda and the darkness of Ahriman. Babol was formerly called Barforushdeh (meaning Market Town) and Barforush afterwards. In 1931, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty Reza Shah (1878-1944) ordered urban planning efforts to commence in the city and changed its name to Babol, which means city with abundant water supply.[6]

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarni.[7] Their origin goes back to the Tapuri people, who were forced to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.[8][9][10]

The native people of Sari, Shahi, Babol, Amol, Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon are Mazandarani people and speak the Mazandarani language.[11]

Population

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Population history
YearPop.±%
1956 36,194—    
1966 49,973+38.1%
1976 68,059+36.2%
1986 115,320+69.4%
1991 137,348+19.1%
1996 158,346+15.3%
2006 198,636[13]+25.4%
2011 219,467[14]+10.5%
2016 250,217[4]+14.0%
Source: [12]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 198,636 in 55,943 households.[13] The following census in 2011 counted 219,467 people in 67,069 households.[14] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 250,217 people in 81,572 households.[4]

Babol is one of the most important cities in the north of Iran, known as a regional center for education, trade, industry, and medical services. It is famous for its orange groves.[15]

Geography

Location

Babol is in the north of Iran, north-east of Tehran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea.The city is located approximately 20 kilometers south of the Caspian Sea on the west bank of Babolrud River. Babol borders Babolsar and Fereydunkenar to the north, Qaem Shahr and Shirgah District to the east, Savadkuh to the southeast, Firuzkuh to the South and Amol to the west. Babol University is famous for its spectacular scenery.

File:MazandaranBabol.PNG
Map showing the location of Babol county as well as Babol city in Mazandaran.

Climate

The city receives abundant annual rainfall. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs).[16][17]

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Economy

Commerce and trading are the backbone of the city's economy since it is the largest commercial center for Mazandaran province, partially due to its location at the center of the province and also the large population of villages around the city, making Babol county the most populated county in the province. Babol produces food and textiles — as well as other processed goods, including oranges, lemons, and tangerines. There are many rice farms around the city, and, until about 20 years ago, tea, tobacco, and cotton were processed.

The city is served by Refah Chain Stores Co., Iran Hyper Star, Isfahan City Center, Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc., Kowsar Market, Ofoq Kourosh chain store.

Transportation

Almost all of the city transportation is by car, buses and other road vehicles. Thus, Babol is highly dependent on the regional highway network which connects the city to Babolsar 10 km north, Amol 30 km west and Qaemshahr 15 km east. These are all new wide highways.

Babol has access to an airport 55 km away and to a train station 15 km away.

The ports of Fereydunkenar and Babolsar are both located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea with connection to other Caspian ports.

Colleges and universities

File:Babol Noshirvani University of Technology-Main Building.jpg
Noshirvani University of Technology

As the largest commercial center, the city of Babol also hosts large number of universities province. Universities include:

  • Babol Noshirvani University of Technology The university is an influential center for academic research in Iran, due to which it has been consistently ranked among the top schools in the country. BNUT is currently ranked 1st among all Iranian universities according to Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings. THE has also ranked BNUT between 351st and 400th among world universities, 55th among the world's young universities, as well as 43rd among Asian universities.[20]
  • Babol University of Medical Sciences
  • Mazandaran University of Science and Technology
  • Educators University - Education Center Martyr Rajai Babol
  • PNU - Babol Center
  • PNU - Bandpey Unit
  • Islamic Azad University - Babol Unit
  • University of Applied Science - Babol Unit
  • Babol Vocational College of Imam Sadiq
  • Mazandaran Institute of Technology
  • Rahedanesh Institute of Higher Education
  • Tabari Institute of Higher Education
  • Aryan Institute of Science and Technology
  • Institute of Applied Science of Art and Culture - Unit 4 Of Babol
  • Institute of Applied Science Technology Jahad Daneshgahi
  • Institute of Applied Science -Unit Of Western Bandpey
  • Vocational College of Sama - Babol Unit
  • Vocational College of AzZahra - Babol Unit

Health centers and hotels

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  • Negin Hotel
  • Reza Hotel
  • Marjan Hotel
  • Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital
  • Babol Clinic
  • Shahid Beheshti Hospital
  • Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital
  • Yahya Nejad Hospital
  • 17 Shahrivar Hospital
  • Mehregan Hospital

Industry

Major corporations

  • Iran Khodro Mazandaran
  • Babol Machine Mfg. & Ind
  • MSco
  • Khazar Khodro Babol.Co

Sports

Babol is home to the Iranian Basketball Super League team BEEM Mazandaran BC which plays in the city's Shahid Sojoodi Arena. BEEM also had a popular volleyball team in the Iranian Super League in 2008–2009. Now Babol have a 2 Team in wrestling, Bime Razi and Arash Zin. They have a popular football club, Khooneh Be Khooneh. Khooneh Be Khooneh play in the 1st division (after Premier League) in the Iranian system football. Babol was the host of Freestyle Wrestling Club World Cup in December 2018.

Landmarks

The ruins of Shah Abbas I's palace are located in the city. Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge is also one of the most ancient buildings of Mazandaran. It was built by the king Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, the ancestor of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar as the main road from Babol to Amol. Now it is known as the old road of Babol to Amol. Babol also contains Babol Noshirvani Park, the largest park including a playground located in the northern part of Iran, located in the vicinity of Caspian Sea. Babol is home to many important and intact forests and jungles, such as, Shiadeh, in south-east Babol.

Filband, a village near the northern Iranian city of Babol, is famous for its skies which are full of interconnected cumulus clouds, especially in springtime.[21]

Historical and natural attractions

File:Borjedidbanibbl.jpg
Borje didebani
File:Masjed Jame Babol.jpg
Babol Jameh Mosque
File:Soltan MohamadTaher.jpg
Sultan Mohamad Taher Tomb Tower
File:Sardare Pezeshki.jpg
Entrance of the Medical Sciences University of Babol
File:Jameh Mosque 0.jpg
Jameh Mosque
File:Baghferdous.jpg
Bagh-e Ferdous
  • Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge
  • Babol Museum
  • Emamzadeh Ghasem
  • Kazem Beik Mosque
  • Watchtower
  • Babol Jameh Mosque
  • Mohaddesin Mosque
  • Tekyeh Moghri Kola
  • Post Building
  • Head University of Medical Sciences
  • Ibn Shahr Ashub Tomb
  • Darvish Alam-bazi Tower
  • Hasirforoshan Mosque
  • Babolroud
  • Babolkenar Forest Park
  • Historic homes Qajansb
  • Aghajan Nasab House
  • Osia House
  • Najafi Mansion
  • Shiadeh Dam
  • Saghanefar Kija Tekyeh
  • Porang High School
  • Shiadeh Saghanefar
  • Abuol Hasan Kola Saghanefar
  • Mulana Mosque
  • Tirkan Waterfall
  • Haft Waterfall
  • Filband Village
  • Bandpey Village
  • Pir Alam Tekyeh
  • Moftakher ul-Mamalek Caravanserai
  • Sadr Hawza
  • Chahar Suq Mosque
  • Bagh-e Ferdows
  • Noshirvani Park

Notable people

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Emam-Ali Habibi
Emam-Ali Habibi
Davoud Rashidi
Davoud Rashidi
Delkash
Delkash
Mirza Shafi Mazandarani
Mirza Shafi Mazandarani
Ali Asghar Mazandarani
Ali Asghar Mazandarani
Alireza Firouzja
Alireza Firouzja
Mokarrameh Ghanbari
Mokarrameh Ghanbari
Morteza Pouraliganji
Morteza Pouraliganji
Parinaz Izadyar
Parinaz Izadyar
Hadi Norouzi
Hadi Norouzi
Mojtaba Mirzajanpour
Mojtaba Mirzajanpour
Reza Salehi Amiri
Reza Salehi Amiri
Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian
Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian
Talat Basari
Talat Basari
Noshad & Nima Alamian
Noshad & Nima Alamian
Reza Khaleghifar
Reza Khaleghifar
Mohammad Aghajanpour
Mohammad Aghajanpour

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Bābol; formerly known as Barfrouch; also known as "Orange Blossom City"

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.OpenStreetMap contributors (20 October 2024). "منطقه ۱ [District 1], Babol, بخش مرکزی [Central District], Babol County, Mazandaran Province, 47149-48145, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in فارسی). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  2. ^ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Irna News". irna.ir (in فارسی). Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Mazandaran Province]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in فارسی). Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [Script error: No such module "Lang". (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کوری استان مازندران به مرکزیت شهر ساری [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Lam ta Kam] (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Ministry of the Interior]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [ID] 6BCA9E6B-F7AD-441C-8A24-47D38564A5F5. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Course number] 69, Script error: No such module "Lang". [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2025.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."شهرداری بابل". Babol Municipality (in فارسی).
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Glottolog 4.8 - Mazanderani". glottolog.org. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Borjian, Habib (2004). "Māzandarān: Language and People". Iran & the Caucasus. 8 (2). Brill: 291. doi:10.1163/1573384043076045. JSTOR 4030997.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854., TAPU´RI". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Potts, Daniel (15 December 2021). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press (published 2014). p. 110. ISBN 9780199330799.
  11. ^ Windfuhr, G. L. 1989. New Iranian languages: Overview. In Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., Compendium linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp. 490.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cities with a population of 100,000 and more (1956-2006 census)" (XLS). irandataportal.syr.edu. Iran data portal. p. 1. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Mazandaran Province]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in فارسی). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Mazandaran Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  15. ^ Iranian Students' News Agency - ISNA |http://mazandaran.isna.ir/Default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=18028
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Climate: Babol - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Babol: Climate Summary". Weatherbase. CantyMedia. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Babol, Iran Monthly – All Weather Averages". Weatherbase. CantyMedia. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bābol monthly weather averages". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Babol Noshirvani University of Technology". Times Higher Education (THE). 11 November 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iran's Beauties in Photos: Scenic Village of Filband". IFPNews.com. 23 April 2018.

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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Barfurush".

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Template:Histories of cities in Iran

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