Bankon language
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Bankon (Abo, Abaw, Bo, Bon) is a Bantu language spoken in the Moungo department of the Littoral Province of southwestern Cameroon.[1] It has a lexical similarity of 86% with Rombi which is spoken in the nearby Meme department of Southwest Province.[1]
Bankon is the endonym. Abo is an administrative name.
Varieties
With 1,300 speakers, Lombe and Bankon are two dialects of the same language. There is over 83% mutual intelligibility.[3]
The Barombi claim to come from the land of the Abo, and the Abo claim to be descended from the Barombi. According to local ethnic legends, coming from the Congo, Nkon, the son of Lombi, settled in the present Bankon or Abo area, while his father Lombi continued further north to found the present Barombi settlements.[3]
The northern subgroup of the Abo is arrived more recently and is of Duala origin; this explains why the Abo are considered to be brothers of the Duala, or even confused with them, even though their language is closer to the Basaa group. The Abo (like all Barombi) also speak Duala.[3]
Lombe, a dialect of the Barombi people, is spoken in the Southwestern Region in three distinct areas: two are located in the department of Mémé. The first is located north of Mount Cameroon around Lake Barombi-Koto, and the second is located west of Kumba around Lake Barombi Mbo (both of which are in Kumba commune). The third, further west, is located in Ndian department, Ekondo-Titi commune, northeast of Ekondo-Titi city. All three areas are enclosed within the Eastern Oroko-speaking area.[3]
In ethnic/folk genealogy, Lombi is ancestral to Nkon, who is ancestral to Bo, according to the genealogies collected by Dika-Akwa.[3]
Bankon is spoken north of the Wouri estuary in the entire northern part of Dibombari commune (in Mungo department, Littoral Region) between the Mbo language area to the north and west, and the Duala language area to the south and east.[3]
Phonology
The Bankon phonological inventory is as follows,[4]
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː |
| Close-mid | e eː | o oː |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː |
| Open | a aː | |
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labialized bilabial |
Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | mʷ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |
| Plosive | prenasal | ᵐb | ᵐbʷ | ⁿd | ᶮdʒ | ᵑɡ | ᵑɡʷ |
| voiced | bʷ | d | dʒ | ɡ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ||||||
| voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ ~ kp | ||
| Fricative | f | s | ɣ | ||||
| Rhotic | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
Tone
Bankon contrasts four tones on short syllables: high, low, rising and falling.
References
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- ^ a b c Bankon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in français). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069.
- ^ Atindogbé (2007) Accounting for the Morphophonological Alternations in Classes 1 and 2 of Bantu Languages of Zone A, African Study Monographs, 28(4): 155–179
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