Battle of Chappar Chiri

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Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Short description Template:DMCA Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Infobox mapframe' not found. Template:Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars The Battle of Chappar Chiri, also called Battle of Sirhind,[8] was fought between Mughal Empire and the Sikhs on 12 May 1710 at Chappar Chiri, located 20 kilometers from Sirhind.[citation needed]

Background

The Sikhs were planning to wage dharamyudh against the city of Sirhind, its regions deputy-governor Wazir Khan and his chief-clerk Sucha Nand, to avenge Mughal oppression and the execution of the two young children of Guru Gobind Singh.[9] Some prominent towns on the way to Sirhind were captured and plundered including Sonepat, Kaithal, Samana, Shahabad, Mustafabad and Sadhaura by Baba Banda Singh Bahadur's troops as they could provide military assistance to the Mughal government of Sirhind.[10][11] The number of plunderers also amassed, who were looking forward to prey upon the riches within the walls of Sirhind and followed Baba Banda Singh and his troops on the march to Sirhind.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Both the troops of Baba Banda Singh and Wazir Khan faced each other at a village called Chappar Chiri.[citation needed]

Pre-battle maneuvers

File:Painting from an illustrated folio of a Mughal manuscript depicting the Battle of Sirhind (1710), also known as the Battle of Chappar Chiri. From the ‘Tawarikh-i Jahandar Shah’, Awadh or Lucknow, ca.1770.jpg
Sikh cavalry charge during the battle, ca.1770 illustrated manuscript

Before the battle began, Wazir Khan and Sucha Nand sent Sucha Nand's nephew with 1000 men to Baba Banda Singh Bahadur in a plot to deceive the Sikhs, by falsely claiming to have deserted the Mughals and to join the Sikhs for their cause.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Wazir Khan had a large well-armed army, which included the Ghazis, along with a number of artillery, musketeers, and war elephants.[citation needed] Khan's army was larger than 20,000.[citation needed] On the other hand, Banda Singh's army was ill-equipped with long spears, arrows, swords, without artillery and elephants and insufficient amount of horses.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. According to Ganda Singh, Banda's army consisted of three classes of men where the first class were the devoted Sikhs imbued to wage just war against the enemies of their country and religion, the second being the paid recruited soldiers sent by the chieftains of the Phul family, who sympathized with Banda Singh's cause. The third were the irregulars who were professional robbers and bandits, eager to seize the opportunity to plunder the city. They were also the most unreliable allies as they would desert when fearing a sign of defeat.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Hari Ram Gupta writes that Banda's army consisted of three groups, the first being Sikhs fighting purely to punish Wazir Khan, the second being Sikhs intent on plundering and punishing enemies of their faith. The third being Hindu Jats, Gujars and Rajputs intent on plunder alone.[citation needed]

Battle

File:Photo depicting battle of Chapparchiri.jpg
20th century painting of the battle

Upon the firing of artillery by the Mughal army, the third class of Banda's army, consisting of bandits and irregulars fled, and soon after Sucha Nand's nephew along with his 1000 men took to flight as well.[citation needed] Banda Singh Bahadur was waiting for the right time with 1/3 of his army. When the information came that the bandits had fled. To encourage his army, Banda Singh himself rushed into the battle, severely attacking the imperial army, leading to many Mughal soldiers being killed, including Sher Muhammad Khan and Khwaja Ali of Malerkotla.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Wazir Khan was also killed which led to the defeat and retreat of his army to Sirhind, where many were killed during Banda's pursuit of them.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Aftermath

After the defeat of the Mughal army at the battle of Chappar Chiri, the Siege of Sirhind took place where the Sikhs besieged, stormed, plundered and razed the city of Sirhind.[2][12][13]

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Ganda Singh claims that the 70,000 figure to be an exaggeration.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fenech, E. Louis; Mcleod, H. W. (11 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 948. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Surinder (2022). Medieval Panjab in Transition Authority, Resistance and Spirituality C.1500 – C.1700. Routledge. p. 471. ISBN 9781000609448. After destroying a number of neighbouring towns and villages, he rushed to Sirhind. By this time, his position had become formidable, as 70,000 people gathered under him.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sikh Digital Library (17 April 1935). Life Of Banda Singh Bahadur Based On Contemporary And Original Records - Dr. Ganda Singh. Sikh Digital Library. Sikh Digital Library. pp. 59–60.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.VSM, D. S. Saggu (7 June 2018). Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs. Notion Press. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-1-64249-006-0.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 31.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Irvine, William (1904). Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distri.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Raj Pal (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–48. ISBN 9788186505465.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838. Oxford University Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780195673081.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sagoo, Harbans Kaur (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 124, 128. ISBN 9788176293006.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gandhi, Surjit (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 28.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dhavan, Purnima (3 November 2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McLeod, W.H. (1997). Sikhism. Penguin Books. p. 64. ISBN 9780140252606.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Featured Movie News | Featured Bollywood News". Bollywood Hungama. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Poster launch:Chaar Sahibzaade 2 – Rise of Banda Bahadur". Thehansindia.com. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Badal inaugurates tallest victory tower". MSN. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bajwa, Harpreet (1 December 2011). "Fateh Burj, India's tallest victory tower, thrown open". Indian Express. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

Sources

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