Berkeley Sound

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Berkeley Sound
Baye Accaron (Accaron Bay)
La grande baye des Iles Malouines
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Berkeley Sound with Wickham Heights in the background
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Early mapping of Berkeley Sound (Dom Pernety, 1769)
LocationEast Falkland
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Ocean/sea sources
Atlantic Ocean
Max. depth30 metres (98 ft)
IslandsHog Island
Kidney Island
Long Island
Location
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Berkeley Sound is an inlet, or fjord in the north east of East Falkland in the Falkland Islands. The sound leads directly out into the Atlantic Ocean, and has been used throughout the island's history for various countries assuming rights of ownership. The maximum depth of the sound is around 30 metres (98 ft).

History

The inlet was the site of the first attempts at colonisation of the islands, at Port Louis, by the French who named it either La grande baye des Iles Malouines or Baye Accaron (Accaron Bay). The sound has also been named by the Spaniards as Puerto de la Soledad.[1][2] The name La grande baye des Iles Malouines was coined by Antoine Louis de Bouganville in January 1764 who was looking to establish a new colony after being ousted from Canada.[3] They built a settlement at the western end of the sound called Fort St Louis.[4] Now known as Port Louis, the settlement lies at the head (western end) of Berkeley Sound.[5]

Berkeley Sound has several smaller bays within it – Uranie Bay, Port Louis harbour and Johnson's Harbour bay, separated by Grave Point, and includes islands such as Hog Island, Kidney Island (a nature reserve)Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. and Long Island. It was enlarged as the result of glacial action. Uranie Bay is so named after the Uranie, a vessel which struck a rock off Volunteer Point and sunk the bay.[6][7][8] The sound itself was given its Anglicized name John Byron in January 1765, when he sailed into it. Template:Quote

Another ship, the Lady Elizabeth also struck the same rock (known as Uranie Rock), but managed to get into the harbour at Port Stanley where her wreck still lies today.[9]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. In 1823, an Argentine governor allowed Louis Vernet the rights to farm and fish a large area of East Falkland, but he seized three United States sealing ships which led to the USS Lexington entering Berkeley Sound and attacking the settlement of Port Louis.[10] The settlement was destroyed and some of the settlers were taken prisoner.[11]

In January 1833, HMS Clio, captained by John Onslow, arrived in the Sound and three boats went ashore to inform the people there that the islands would be reclaimed for the British. Onslow refused to let Colonel Pinedo take orders from the Argentine Republic, and those who would not settle for British rule, were put to sail two days later.[12] Berkeley Sound was visited by Charles Darwin during his round-the-world voyage on HMS Beagle in 1834. He found it an "undulating land, with a desolate and wretched aspect".[13] In the early 1840s, under the authority of the English governor Lieutenant Moody, the capital was moved from Port Louis to Port Stanley (at that time called Port Jackson), which Captain Mackinnon describes as "a more convenient spot for which passing ships might call when in need of repair or victualling."[14][15]

Berkeley Sound is used by the fishing industry as a designated locality for the transshipment of fish,[16] with accidental oil spills having occurred in the process.[17][18] Its maximum depth is registered as being 30 metres (98 ft) in the middle of the sound and towards the mouth of the sound, where it drops away to 50 metres (160 ft).[19]

Wildlife

The sound is home to southern rockhopper penguins, sei whales, southern right whales, peale's dolphins and commerson's dolphins.[20][21] Sooty shearwaters, great shearwaters and white-chinned petrels all nest on Kidney Island.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Settlements and islands

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Settlements


Islands

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Purdy, John (1822). Memoir, descriptive and explanatory, to accompany the new chart of the Ethiopic or southern Atlantic Ocean. London: Laurie. p. 33. OCLC 36712352.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Norie, J. (1825). Piloting Directions for the East and West coasts of South America, from the River Plate to Panama. London: Navigation Warehouse and Naval Academy. p. 8. OCLC 562913308.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Strange, Ian J. (1987). The Falkland Islands and their natural history. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 21. ISBN 0715388339.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Annual report on the Falkland Islands and Dependencies (Report). London: HMSO. 1969. p. 55. OCLC 1155472351.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gurney, Alan (2007). Below the convergence : voyages towards Antarctica, 1699-1839. London: W. W, Norton. p. 244. ISBN 9780393329049.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."URANIE - FMHT Maritime Archive". Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FREYCINET, LOUIS-CLAUDE de 1779 - 1842". www.falklandsbiographies.org. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Boyson, V. F. (1924). The Falkland Islands. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 89. OCLC 1999198.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morrison, Paul (1990). The Falkland Islands. Harvest Hill, Bourne End, Bucks. [England]: Aston Publications. p. 11. ISBN 0946627657.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."History of Port Louis, 1764-1844". National Museums Liverpool. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gurney, Alan (2007). Below the convergence : voyages towards Antarctica, 1699-1839. London: W. W, Norton. p. 237. ISBN 9780393329049.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Van der Bijl, Nick (April 2022). "Short history of a long disagreement: part 1 1485-1833". History of War (106). Bath: Future PLC: 36. ISSN 2054-376X.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Moorehead, Alan (1969). Darwin and the beagle. New York: Harper & Row. p. 143. OCLC 1244586331.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wheeler, Tony (2004). The Falklands & South Georgia Island. London: Lonely Planet. p. 68. ISBN 1740596439.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Wild Sports of the Falklands". British Packet and Argentine News. No. 1, 218. 29 December 1849. p. 1. OCLC 751744805.
  16. ^ The 1986 Fisheries (Conservation and Management) Ordinance
  17. ^ Oiled birds found after tanker fuel spill Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  18. ^ Where was FIG action on oil spill asks Falklands Conservation?
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pütz, Klemens; Harris, Sabrina; Ratcliffe, Norman; Rey, Andrea Raya; Poncet, Sally; Lüthi, Bernhard (September 2018). "Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands". Polar Biology. 41 (9): 1,803. doi:10.1007/s00300-018-2320-7.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pütz, Klemens; Harris, Sabrina; Ratcliffe, Norman; Rey, Andrea Raya; Poncet, Sally; Lüthi, Bernhard (September 2018). "Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands". Polar Biology. 41 (9): 1,802. doi:10.1007/s00300-018-2320-7.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Baines, Mick; Weir, Caroline R. (23 December 2020). "Predicting suitable coastal habitat for sei whales, southern right whales and dolphins around the Falkland Islands". PLOS ONE. 15 (12): 8, 12, 13, 14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244068.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Woodworth, Philip L. (5 July 2024). "Long-term changes in the ocean tide at Port Louis, Falkland Islands". Ocean Science. 20 (4): 888. doi:10.5194/os-20-887-2024.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Johnson's Harbour". falklands-southatlantic.com. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Woodworth, Philip L. (5 July 2024). "Long-term changes in the ocean tide at Port Louis, Falkland Islands". Ocean Science. 20 (4): 887. doi:10.5194/os-20-887-2024.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morrison, Mike (2014). "Rare and Vagrant Birds in the Falkland Islands 2014" (PDF). falklandsconservation.com. p. 1. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  26. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kidney Island Group (20858) Falkland Islands (Malvinas), South America". www.keybiodiversityareas.org. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wheeler, Tony (2004). The Falklands & South Georgia Island. London: Lonely Planet. p. 94. ISBN 1740596439.

Sources

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