Berom language
Template:Short description Template:DMCA
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Berom | |
|---|---|
| Birom | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Plateau State |
| Ethnicity | Berom people |
Native speakers | 1 million (2010)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bom |
| Glottolog | bero1242 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Berom[2] | |
|---|---|
| Person | Wòrom |
| People | Berom |
| Language | Cèn Bèrom |
Berom or Birom (Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the most widely spoken Plateau language in Nigeria. The language is locally numerically important and is consistently spoken by Berom of all ages in rural areas. However, the Berom are shifting to Hausa in cities.[1] The small Cen and Nincut dialects may be separate languages. Approximately 1 million (2010) people speak in this language.[1]
Berom is spoken in a large area extending from some precolonial settlements embedded within the Jos metropolitan Metropolitan Area to the south of Jos city to Barkin Ladi and Riyom in Plateau State, Nigeria.[3] The Berom population distribution culminates at the edge of the Jos plateau in Sopp chiefdom of Riyom Local Government Area.
History
The Berom have a link to the Nok culture, a civilization that existed between 200 BCE to 1,000 CE.[4] Generally, the Berom speakers are identified to live in the core Jos Plateau and down the low plains of Kaduna State.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Dialects
The Berom dialectical differences are as follows:[3]
- Gyel–Kuru–Vwang
- Du–Foron
- Fan–Ropp–Rim–Riyom–Heikpang
- Bachit
- Gashish
- Rahoss-Tahoss
Phonology
Consonants
Eastern Berom consists of twenty-four consonant phonemes:[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kp | ||
| voiced | b | d | g | gb | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | (ts) | tʃ | ||||
| voiced | dʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
- /ts/ occurs in the Foron dialect.
- /p/ /b/, /m/ are bilabial, while /f/ and /v/ are labiodental.
- /tʃ/, /dʒ/, and /ʃ/ are palato-alveolar, while /ɲ/ and /j/ are palatal.
In Berom, approximants are found in the last position, for example, orthographic Script error: No such module "Lang". is Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "Lang". is Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Vowels
This language consists of seven vowel phonemes:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Berom consists of three type of tones and four glide tones.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The glide tones are treated here as rising and falling tones. The tones are as follows:
- Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to climb' – high tone
- Script error: No such module "IPA". 'small' – mid tone
- Script error: No such module "IPA". 'to teach, read' – low tone
- Script error: No such module "IPA". 'new' – falling tone
- Script error: No such module "IPA". 'empty' – rising tone
Orthography
Berom orthography:[3]
a, b, c, d, e, ɛ, f, g, gb, h, i, j, k, kp, l, m, n, ng, o, ɔ, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, u, v, w, y, z
Notes
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b c Berom at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger (2021). "Introduction to Berom: Reading and Writing Guide". Draft.[self-published source]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mbamalu, Socrates (16 February 2017). "The Berom people of Nigeria". This is Africa. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger M. (2006). "Plural Verb Morphology in Eastern Berom" (PDF). rogerblench.info. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2024.[self-published source]
References
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bouquiaux, L. (1970). La langue Birom (Nigéria septentrional) –phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe. Paris: Société d’édition Les Belles Lettres.
External links
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.
