Botlikh language
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Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the villages of Botlikh (Buikhe), Miarso and Ashino, as well as in Chontaul, Ankho and in Batlakhatli,[4] in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, according to the 2020 census.[2]
Dialects
Botlikh has two dialects, being Botlikh proper and Miarso. Differences in phonology and morphology are small, and the two are mutually intelligible.[4]
Phonology
Vowels
Botlikh has five basic vowels. Vowels can also be long or nasalized.[5]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a |
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | |||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | |||||
| Plosive | voiced | b ⟨б⟩ | d ⟨д⟩ | ɡ ⟨г⟩ | ||||||||||||
| voiceless | p ⟨п⟩ | t ⟨т⟩ | k ⟨к⟩ | |||||||||||||
| ejective | tʼ ⟨тӀ⟩ | kʼ ⟨кӀ⟩ | q͡χʼː ⟨къ⟩ | ʔ ⟨ъ⟩ | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s ⟨ц⟩ | t͡sː ⟨цц⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨ч⟩ | t͡ʃː ⟨чч⟩ | t͡ɬː ⟨лӀ⟩ | k͡xː ⟨кк⟩ | q͡χː ⟨хъ⟩ | ||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ ⟨цӀ⟩ | t͡sʼː ⟨цӀцӀ⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨чӀ⟩ | t͡ʃʼː ⟨чӀчӀ⟩ | t͡ɬʼː ⟨кь⟩ | k͡xʼː ⟨кӀкӀ⟩ | ||||||||||
| voiced | d͜ʒ ⟨дж⟩ | |||||||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | v ⟨в⟩ | s ⟨с⟩ | sː ⟨сс⟩ | ʃ ⟨ш⟩ | ʃː ⟨щ⟩ | ɬ ⟨лъ⟩ | ɬː ⟨лълъ⟩ | çː ⟨хь⟩ | ɣ ⟨гь⟩ | xː ⟨хх⟩ | χ ⟨х⟩ | ʜ ⟨хӀ⟩ | h ⟨гь⟩ | ||
| voiced | z ⟨з⟩ | ʒ ⟨ж⟩ | j ⟨й⟩ | x ⟨х⟩ | ʁ ⟨гъ⟩ | ʕ ⟨гӀ⟩ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | m ⟨м⟩ | n ⟨н⟩ | r ⟨р⟩ | l ⟨л⟩ | ||||||||||||
Orthography
Botlikh is unwritten, and Botlikhs have mostly used Avar as their medium of written communication. When Botlikhs need to write their language, they use the Avar alphabet.[4] The following orthography is used in a Botlikh–Russian dictionary.[6]
| А а | Аᴴ аᴴ | Б б | В в | Г г | Гъ гъ | Гь гь | ГӀ гӀ | Д д | Дж дж | (Е е) | Ж ж | З з | И и |
| Иᴴ иᴴ | Й й | К к | Кк кк | Къ къ | Кь кь | КӀ кӀ | КӀкӀ кӀкӀ | Л л | Лъ лъ | Лълъ лълъ | ЛӀ лӀ | М м | Н н |
| О о | П п | ПӀ пӀ | Р р | С с | Сс сс | Т т | ТӀ тӀ | У у | Уᴴ уᴴ | Х х | Хх хх | Хъ хъ | Хь хь |
| ХӀ хӀ | Ц ц | Цц цц | ЦӀ цӀ | ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ | Ч ч | Чч чч | ЧӀ чӀ | ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Э э | Эᴴ эᴴ |
References
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- ^ Ethnologue language map of European Russia, with Botlikh shown in the inset with reference number 9
- ^ a b 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ботлихский язык". Большая российская энциклопедия (in русский). 21 May 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ботлихский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Грамматика ботлихского языка | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alekseev, Michail Egorovič; Azaev, Chalil Gadžimagomedovič (2019). Botlichsko-russkij slovarʹ: = Botlikh-Russian dictionary Ботлихско-русский словарь. Issledovanija i materialy po jazykam Kavkaza. Moskva: Academia. ISBN 978-5-87444-416-7.
Further reading
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alekseev, M.; Azaev, X. (2019). Botlixsko-russkij slovar' (in русский). Moscow: Academia.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dirr, Adolf (1928). Einführung in das Studium der Kaukasischen Sprachen mit einer sprachenkarte (in Deutsch). Leipzig: Verlag der Asia Major.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gamzatova, G. G. (2000). Jazyki Dagestana. Jazyki Narodov Rossii (in русский). Machackala: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gudava, Togo E. (1962). ბოთლიხური ენა: გრამატიკული ანალიზი, ტექსტები, ლექსიკონი [The Botlikh language: Grammatical analysis, texts, lexicon] (in ქართული). Tbilisi: Sak'art'velos SSR mec'nierebat'a akademiis gamomc'emloba.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gudava, Togo E. (1976). "Iberijsko-kavkazskie jazyki". Jazyki narodov SSSR (in русский). Vol. IV. Moskva: Nauka. pp. 293–306.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Moroz, George; Naccarato, Chiara; Verhees, Samira (14–16 October 2019). Variation in two dictionaries of Botlikh (PDF). Документирование языков и диалектов коренных малочисленных народов России. St. Petersburg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2022.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Saidova, P. A.; Abusov, M. G. (2012). Botlixsko-russkij slovar' (in русский). Makhachkala: IJaLI.
External links
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