Brassolini
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Brassolini is a tribe usually placed in the brush-footed butterfly subfamily Morphinae, which is often included in the Satyrinae as a tribe Morphini. If this is accepted, the Brassolini become the sister tribe of the Morphini among the Satyrinae. Formerly, they were treated as an independent family Brassolidae or subfamily Brassolinae. Many members of this tribe are called owl butterflies.[1]
The Brassolini is a Neotropical butterfly group that currently includes 102 species[2] and contain 17 genera in two or three subtribes, depending whether the enigmatic genus Bia is assigned here as sister to all other lineages in the group. The other genera are divided into one small subtribe, and a larger one that unites the bulk of the genera.[1]
The use of adult characters produces a more robustly supported phylogeny of the Brassolini than does the use of characters from immature life stages.[2]
Genera
Genera are listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.[1]
Subtribe Biina (tentatively placed here)
Subtribe Naropina
Subtribe Brassolina
- Brassolis
- Dynastor
- Dasyophthalma
- Opoptera (= Mimoblepia)
- Caligo – giant owl butterflies
- Caligopsis
- Eryphanis
- Selenophanes
- Penetes
- Catoblepia
- Mielkella
- Orobrassolis
- Blepolenis
- Opsiphanes
References
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- ^ a b c Wahlberg & Brower (2008)
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Penz, Carla M.; Freitas, Andre V. L.; Kaminski, Lucas A.; Casagrande, Mirna M.; Devries, Philip J. (2013). "Adult and early-stage characters of Brassolini contain conflicting phylogenetic signal (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)". Systematic Entomology. 38 (2): 316–333. Bibcode:2013SysEn..38..316P. doi:10.1111/syen.12000. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 84770956.
- Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Penz, Carla M. (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32: 668-689.
- Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Wahlberg, Niklas & Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project – Brassolini. Version of 2008-JAN-30. Retrieved 2009-APR-07.
- Brassolini Virtual Collection. Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Penz, Carla, Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/Brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
- Research on Brassolini. Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Penz, Carla, Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/rese-brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
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