British Rail Class 465

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British Rail Class 465
Networker
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Class 465 at Dartford
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The refreshed saloon of a Class 465
In service1 December 1992 – present
ManufacturerTemplate:Pluralize from textPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Built atPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Family nameNetworker
ReplacedPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Constructed1991–1994
RefurbishedPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • 2005 (465/2 conversion to /9)
  • 2010–2012
  • 2016
Number built147
Number in service117
Number scrapped23
SuccessorClass 707
FormationPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • 4 cars per 465/0, /1, /2 unit:
    DMSO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMSO(B)[1]
  • 4 cars per 465/9 unit:
    DMCO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMCO(B)
CapacityPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • 465/0: 334 seats
  • 465/1: 334 seats
  • 465/2: 331 seats
  • 465/9: 319 seats[2]
[[Rolling stock company|OwnerTemplate:Pluralize from text]]Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
OperatorTemplate:Pluralize from textPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
DepotTemplate:Pluralize from textSlade Green[3]
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium
Car lengthPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • DM vehs.: 20.89 m (68 ft 6 in)
  • Trailers: 20.06 m (65 ft 10 in)[1]
Width2.81 m (9 ft 3 in)[1]
Height3.77 m (12 ft 4 in)
DoorsDouble-leaf sliding plug
(2 per side per car)
Maximum speed75 mph (121 km/h)[1]
WeightTemplate:Ubli
Traction systemPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Traction motorsPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Power output2,240 kW (3,000 hp)
Acceleration0.98 m/s2 (3.2 ft/s2)[5]
[[Railway electrification|Electric systemTemplate:Pluralize from text]]Template:750 V DC
Current collectionContact shoe
UIC classificationBo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
BogiesPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • 465/0 & /1:
  • Powered: BREL P3
  • Unpowered: BREL T3
  • 465/2 and & /9:[1]
  • Powered: SRP BP58
  • Unpowered: SRP BT49
[[Railway brake|Braking systemTemplate:Pluralize from text]]Electropneumatic (disc) Template:Avoid wrap[1]
Safety systemTemplate:Pluralize from textPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Coupling systemTightlock[1]
Multiple workingWithin class, and with Class 466[4]
Track gauge1,435 mm (Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

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The British Rail Class 465 Networker are electric multiple unit passenger trains that were built by Metro-Cammell, GEC-Alsthom, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) and ABB Rail between 1991 and 1994. Originally operated by Network SouthEast,[6] these units are now operated by Southeastern.

Background

The Network SouthEast sector of British Rail began the planning for the development of the Class 465 Networker in 1988, and invited a tender for 710 vehicles to be built.[7] The Class 465 was introduced in order to replace the 41-year-old Class 415 (4EPB) slam-door EMUs.[8]

The first unit was delivered in December 1991, and the last unit in April 1995.[9][10] The units entered passenger service from 1 December 1992 with a ceremony at Cannon Street station, by Transport Secretary John MacGregor.[11] As part of the privatisation of British Rail, the 97 465/0s and 465/1s were sold to Eversholt Rail Group and the 50 Class 465/2s to Angel Trains.[1][5]

All trains were originally supplied in the Network SouthEast livery and branded as the "Kent Link Networker".[8] They have mostly been used on suburban routes out of London Victoria, Charing Cross, Blackfriars, and Cannon Street to destinations in South London and Kent, and the first 20 Class 465/0s were repainted into the Connex South Eastern Yellow and Blue livery in 1998, the same livery as seen on the 16 Class 365s introduced in June 1997.[12]

Some have been replaced by Class 707s,[13] with two hauled to Worksop for store by Harry Needle Railroad Company in June 2021.[14]

Construction

A Metro-Cammell unit (left) coupled cab-to-cab with a BREL unit (right). BREL-built units have air vents above some saloon windows; Metro-Cammell units do not.
A pair of Class 465 trains.
A refurbished 465/9 and a 465/1 at Charing Cross Station. Note the differences in the roofs for each train.

Due to the size of the original order, British Rail approached two separate manufacturers to supply the new rolling stock. The first two sub-classes (designated 465/0 and 465/1) were built by BREL/ABB while the third sub-class (465/2) as well as the two-car (466) units were built by Metro-Cammell. Although built to the same specification and utilised interchangeably, there are subtle differences between the two fleets and they do not share common parts.[7] The maximum speed of the Class 465 is 75 mph (120 km/h),[4] and they are designed only for 750 V DC third rail operation. A Solid State Traction Converter package controls three-phase AC traction motors, which allows for rheostatic or regenerative dynamic braking.[4] Primary braking system is electro-pneumatically actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes.[4] Tachometers on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection.[4]

Traction equipment replacement

Plans were drawn up in 2007 to improve the reliability of the BREL and ABB units (Classes 465/0 and 465/1) by the installation of new traction equipment.[15] The new package was developed and manufactured by Hitachi Rail.[16] It was retrofitted across all 97 465/0 and 465/1 trains over the course of 2009/2010.[17] Brush Traction, the supplier/manufacturer of the original traction equipment, worked as consultants to assist in retro-fitting the new equipment.[15][18]

Refurbishment

In 2005, the first 34 465/2 units (465201–465234) were given an extensive refurbishment at Doncaster Works.[citation needed] This included new interior panelling, new flooring, new lighting, new seat moquette (in the same grey and blue design as on the Class 375 Electrostars) and the addition of a new first class compartment at the front and rear of the units, plus many other changes.[19][20] This was done to allow them to be moved to outer-suburban routes alongside the Class 375s. They would be replaced on inner suburban services by Class 376s. They were reclassified as a separate sub-fleet designated 465/9 (465901–465934) and replaced the remaining Class 423 slam-door stock.[21] The last train in the original Network SouthEast livery was repainted in September 2007.[22]

Between 2010 and 2012, all Class 465/0 and 465/1s had an overhaul by RailCare of their door systems, air systems, couplings and trailer bogies.[23] It was also at this time that all of the seats were given a retrim in Southeastern current mauve and blue seat moquette.

A further refresh of the entire Class 465 fleet took place gradually from 2016. This included the installation of new wheelchair spaces and fully accessible toilets, more handrails, and tactile floor surfaces in the vestibule areas, and louder, more audible door alarms. This was done in order to maintain RVAR (Railway Vehicle Accessibility Regulations) compliance. The Metro-Cammell units also had new doors fitted.[24]

In 2025, unit 465908 was re-painted into Network SouthEast livery and named after Chris Green, the former managing director of Network South East. This was done as part of celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of modern railways.[25]

On 23 December 2025 Alstom announced it had signed a contract with Eversholt Rail to overhaul the remainder of Southeastern's Class 465 fleet.[26]

Fleet details

Units:
Class Operator Qty. Year built Cars per unit Manufacturer Unit nos. Notes
465/0 Southeastern 48 1991–1993 4 BREL/ABB 465001–465004, 465006-465044, 465046-465050 Includes 465301, built in 1992 as demonstrator for the Universal Networker;[27][page needed]
Stored 1 465045[28]
Scrapped 1 465005[29]
465/1 Southeastern 44 1993–1994 ABB 465151–465168, 465170-465174, 465176-465187, 465189-465197
Stored 2 465169, 465175[28]
Scrapped 1 465188[30]
465/2 Stored 4 1991–1993 Metro-Cammell 465235,[a] 465241–465242, 465247[32]
Scrapped 12 465235-465240,[b] 465243–465246, 465248–465249, 465250[33]
465/9 Southeastern 25 465901–465904, 465906–465914, 465916, 465919, 465922–465930, 465932[34] Converted from 465/2 units (465201–465234)
Scrapped 9 465905, 465915, 465917-465918, 465920-465921, 465931, 465933-465934[35][36][37][38][39]

Named units

465908 Chris Green OBE in Network SouthEast livery at the Greatest Gathering, Derby in 2025

Unit 465908 was repainted in Network SouthEast livery in February 2025 as part of Railway 200 celebrations. The unit is named Chris Green.[25]

Vehicle numbers

Vehicle number ranges:[40][41]
Class Motor vehicles Trailer vehicles
465/0 64759–64858 72028–72172
465/1 65800–65893 72900–72993
465/2 65734–65749, 65784–65799 72787–72818
465/9 65700–65733, 65750–65783 72719–72786

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Notes

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  1. ^ Only vehicles 65734 and 65784 remain of 465235.[31]
  2. ^ Vehicles 72787 and 72788 of 465235 scrapped.[31]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Rail Class 465.Template:Preview warning

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465 - South Eastern". London: Angel Trains. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.South Eastern Franchise - Invitation to Tender (PDF). London: Department for Transport. November 2017. p. 102. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pritchard, Robert (February 2025). "Slade Green: maintaining Southeastern's Metro Fleet". Today's Railways UK. No. 276. pp. 38–41.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Train Operating Manual: Classes 365, 465, 466. Harrogate: Connex South Eastern. January 1998. A.6.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465". London: Eversholt Rail Group. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."19 December 1991 - Networker first EMUs double hand-over ceremony to NSE - Class 465/0 465001 at BREL York followed by Class 465/2 465201". www.nsers.org.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Classes 465 and 466". Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465/466: Kent Link Networker Page 1". Kent Rail. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Networker 465: Dawn of a New Era Of Trains". The Railway Magazine. No. 1090. February 1992. p. 18.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Last Networker". Rail Magazine. No. 252. 10 May 1995. p. 4.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Christian Wolmar (2 December 1992). "New Kent Link trains start with power cut". The Independent. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Our trains". Southeastern. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Southeastern to take Class 707s". Rail Express. No. 289. June 2020. p. 9.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465 & 466 Networker units put into store". Rail Express. No. 303. August 2021. p. 30.
  15. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ojima, Hirofumi (24 January 2008). "Networkers get a traction transplant". News. Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Networkers to get Hitachi traction package". The Railway Magazine. No. 1275. July 2007. p. 77.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465 traction upgrade in full flow". The Railway Magazine. No. 1304. December 2009. p. 79.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Class 465 Trains With New Hitachi Traction Drive Handed Back to Southeastern as Scheduled". Hitachi Rail. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SET launches refurbished 465/9s". Entrain. No. 43. July 2005. p. 56.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."New look for South Eastern Networkers". The Railway Magazine. No. 1251. July 2005. p. 75.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Refreshing the 465s". Rail. No. 520. 17 August 2005. pp. 40–43.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."After 21 years, no more NSE". Rail. No. 575. 26 September 2007. p. 9.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Eversholt Rail Group Completes Class 465/0 and 465/1 Fleet Refurbishment". Eversholt Rail. 21 May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RVAR COMPLIANT LAVATORIES FOR CLASS 465 UNITS".
  25. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Holden, Michael (25 February 2025). "Southeastern Networker unveiled in heritage livery as Greatest Gathering attendance confirmed". Network. RailAdvent. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Alstom's Crewe Works secures £20 million contract to overhaul Class 465 bogies in the UK". Alstom. Retrieved 23 December 2025.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ford, Roger (August 1993). "Networker Express". Modern Railways. ISBN 9770026835030. {{cite magazine}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid prefix (help)
  28. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Butlin, Ashley Update (March 2026). "Multiple Units". Stock Update. The Railway Magazine. Vol. 172, no. 1500. p. 81.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russell, David (June 2026). "Class 465 Networker". Units. Rail Express. No. 361. p. 23.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russell, David (June 2026). "Depot Talk". Units. Rail Express. No. 361. p. 24.
  31. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russell, David (October 2024). "Class 150 and '465' sent for scrap". Units. Rail Express. No. 341. p. 22.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dunn, Pip (2025). abc Rail Guide (16th ed.). United Kingdom: Crécy Publishing. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-80035-339-8.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russell, David (July 2025). "More 'Networkers' sent for scrap". Units. Rail Express. No. 350. p. 22.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dunn, Pip. abc Rail Guide (16th ed.). United Kingdom: Crécy Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-80035-339-8.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Butlin, Ashley (July 2025). "Multiple Units". Stock Update. Rail Express. Vol. 171, no. 1492. p. 71.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Butlin, Ashley (October 2025). "Multiple Units". Stock update. The Railway Magazine. Vol. 171, no. 1495. p. 75.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russell, David (December 2025). "Class 465 & 466 Networker". Units. Rail Express. No. 355. p. 24.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Butlin, Ashley (December 2025). "Multiple Units". Stock update. The Railway Magazine. Vol. 171, no. 1497. p. 79.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Butlin, Ashley (January 2026). "Multiple Units". Stock update. The Railway Magazine. Vol. 172, no. 1498. p. 84.
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