Caladenia longicauda

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Caladenia longicauda in John Forrest National Park
Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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Synonyms[1]
List
    • Arachnorchis longicauda (Lindl.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
    • Caladenia longicauda Lindl. var. longicauda
    • Calonema longicauda Szlach. orth. var.
    • Calonema longicaudum (Lindl.) Szlach.
    • Caladenia patersonii auct. non R.Br.: Green, J.W. (1981)

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Caladenia longicauda is a species of plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is distinguished by its large leaf and by its up to five large, white flowers which have drooping sepals and petals with long, thickish brown "tails".

Description

Caladenia longicauda is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, 100–250 mm (4–10 in) long and 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide. Between July and early November it produces one to three (sometimes up to five) flowers on a stalk 170–600 mm (7–20 in) tall, each flower 50–180 mm (2–7 in) wide. The flowers are mostly white except for a few red markings and reddish stripes on the backs of the petals and sepals. The dorsal sepal is green, erect, 30–140 mm (1–6 in) long and 1.5–6 mm (0.06–0.2 in) wide with its edges slightly turned inwards. The lateral sepals are 30–150 mm (1–6 in) long, 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide, spreading horizontally near their bases but then drooping. The petals are similar to the sepals but slightly shorter and narrower. The labellum is white, 7–28 mm (0.3–1 in) long, 6–18 mm (0.2–0.7 in) wide with erect to spreading teeth up to 10 mm (0.4 in) long along its sides. The middle part of the labellum has the longest teeth on its edge. These teeth are red with hooked white tips. The front part of the labellum curves downwards, with the teeth becoming shorter. There are between four and eight rows of calli along the central part of the labellum, the calli pale to dark red and club-shaped. The fruit is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia longicauda was first formally described by John Lindley in 1840 and the description was published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[5] The specific epithet (longicauda) is derived from the Latin words longus meaning "long" and cauda meaning "tail".[6]

The names of fourteen subspecies of C. longicauda are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:[7]

Subspecies Description Distribution and habitat Image
C. longicauda Lindl. subsp. longicauda Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Woodland between Lancelin and Nannup[4] File:Caladenia sp JF (John Forrest).jpg
C. longicauda subsp. albella Hopper & A.P.Br. (small-lipped spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Swampy areas between Eneabba and Gingin[4]
C. longicauda subsp. australora Hopper & A.P.Br. (southern white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Coastal areas between the Fitzgerald River National Park and Beaufort Inlet[4] File:Caladenia longicauda australora.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. borealis Hopper & A.P.Br. (daddy-long-legs spider orchid Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Shrubland between Cataby and Kalbarri[4] File:Caladenia longicauda subsp. borealis.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. calcigena Hopper & A.P.Br. (Coastal white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Near-coastal areas between Bunbury and Dongara[4] File:Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena - Flickr 002.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. clivicola Hopper & A.P.Br. (Hill's white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Forests between North Dandalup and Collie and coastal heath near Dunsborough[4] File:Caladenia longicauda clivicola 02.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. crassa Hopper & A.P.Br. (Esperance white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Swampy places between Esperance and Israelite Bay[4] File:Caladenia longicauda crassa - cropped.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. eminens (Domin) Hopper & A.P.Br. (stark white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Widespread between Moore and Ravensthorpe[4] File:Caladenia longicauda subsp. eminens 02.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. extrema A.P.Br. & G.Brockman Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Winter-wet areas near Manjimup[4][8]
C. longicauda subsp. insularis Hopper & A.P.Br. ex A.P.Br. & G.Brockman Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Coastal heath near Esperance[4][9]
C. longicauda subsp. merrittii Hopper & A.P.Br. (Merritt's white spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Forest between Margaret River and Nannup[4] File:Caladenia longicauda subsp. merrittii - cropped.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. minima A.P.Br. & G.Brockman Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Woodland or shrubland near Yuna[4]
Caladenia longicauda subsp. redacta Hopper & A.P.Br. (tangled spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide Woodland between Collie and Mount Barker[4] File:Caladenia longicauda redacta 03.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. rigidula Hopper & A.P.Br. (rigid spider orchid) Lateral sepals Template:Cvt long, labellum Template:Cvt wide[4] On granite outcrops or near streams between Ravensthorpe and Balladonia File:Caladenia longicauda rigidula 02.jpg

Distribution and habitat

Caladenia longicauda grows in a wide range of habitats from the Kalbarri National Park on the west coast to Israelite Bay on the south coast.[2]

Conservation

Most subspecies of C. longicauda are classified as "Not Threatened" but subspecies extrema and insularis are classified as "Priority One" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife[10][11] meaning that they are known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.[12] Subspecies minima is classified as "Priority Two", meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brown, Andrew P.; Brockman, Garry (2015). "New taxa of Caladenia (Orchidaceae) from south-west Western Australia". Nuytsia. 25: 45–123.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 61–62. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 90–103. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda". APNI. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  6. ^ Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brown, Andrew P.; Brockman, Garry (2015). "New taxa of Caladenia (Orchidaceae) from south-west Western Australia". Nuytsia. 25: 103–104.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brown, Andrew P.; Brockman, Garry (2015). "New taxa of Caladenia (Orchidaceae) from south-west Western Australia". Nuytsia. 25: 105–106.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda extrema". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata".
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda insularis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata".
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Caladenia longicauda minima". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata".

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