Callovosaurus
Template:Short description Template:DMCA
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| Illustration of the holotype femur | |
Scientific classification 
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxon infoTemplate:Taxon italics Galton, 1980 (Lydekker, 1889)
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| Synonyms | |
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Callovosaurus (meaning "Callovian lizard") is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur known from most of a left thigh bone discovered in Middle Jurassic-age rocks of England. At times, it has been considered dubious or a valid genus of basal iguanodontian, perhaps a dryosaurid.
History and description
Callovosaurus is based on NHMUK PV R 1993, a nearly complete left thigh bone. This specimen was collected from the middle Callovian–age (Middle Jurassic) Peterborough Member (former Lower Oxford Clay) of the Oxford Clay Formation of Fletton, near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire, England. The bone is 28 centimetres (0.92 ft) long, and is estimated to have belonged to an animal approximately Template:Cvt in length. A partial shin bone from the same site or nearby, SMC J.46889, may also belong to Callovosaurus.[1]
The type species, C. leedsi, was first described by Richard Lydekker in 1889 as Camptosaurus leedsi, the specific name honouring collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds.[2] Aside from Charles W. Gilmore suggesting in 1909 that it was probably more closely related to Dryosaurus than to Camptosaurus,[3] Camptosaurus leedsi attracted little attention for decades until it was reviewed by Peter Galton. First noting its distinctiveness in a review of English hypsilophodontids,[4] he then gave the species the new genus Callovosaurus in 1980, which he placed in Camptosauridae.[5] While considered a dubious iguanodontian in several reviews, which refer to it as "Camptosaurus" leedsi,[6][7] Jose Ignacio Ruiz-Omeñaca and coauthors have proposed that Callovosaurus is a valid genus, and the oldest known dryosaurid.[1] Though a study published in 2025 from Łukasz Czepiński & Daniel Madzia found Callovosaurus to be more basal than once thought and found Callovosaurus outside of the family Dryosauridae and Dryomorpha as a whole.[8]
Palaeoecology
Callovosaurus was found in the lower Oxford Clay, which has yielded a diverse reptile assemblage: ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, crocodyliforms, pterosaurs, sauropod dinosaurs, the stegosaurids Loricatosaurus and Lexovisaurus, and the armoured dinosaur Sarcolestes.[1][9] These rocks were once thought to be somewhat younger, from the Oxfordian of the Late Jurassic, but they are now known to be middle Callovian in age.[1]
The diet of Callovosaurus, like that of other iguanodontians, was plant material. It is one of the earliest known members of the iguanodontian lineage.[10]
References
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- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Pereda Suberbiola, Xabier; Galton, Peter M. (2007). "Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–16. ISBN 978-0-253-34817-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lydekker, Richard (1889). "On the remains and affinities of five genera of Mesozoic reptiles". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 45 (1–4): 41–59. Bibcode:1889QJGS...45...41L. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1889.045.01-04.04. S2CID 128586645.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gilmore, Charles W. (1909). "Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the genus, and description of two new species". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 36 (1666): 197–332. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.36-1666.197.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Galton, Peter M. (1975). "English hypsilophodontid dinosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 18 (4): 741–752. Archived from the original on 12 September 2006.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Galton, Peter M. (1980). "European Jurassic ornithopod dinosaurs of the families Hypsilophodontidae and Camptosauridae". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 160 (1): 73–95. Bibcode:1980NJGPA.160...73G. doi:10.1127/njgpa/160/1980/73.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Norman, David B.; Weishampel, David B. (1990). "Iguanodontidae and related ornithopods". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 510–533. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Norman, David B. (2004). "Basal Iguanodontia". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 413–437. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Czepiński, Łukasz; Madzia, Daniel (30 April 2025). "Exploring the diversity and disparity of rhabdodontomorph ornithopods from the Late Cretaceous European archipelago". Scientific Reports. 15 (1): 15209. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98083-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 12044058.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Maidment, Susannah C.R.; Norman, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Upchurch, Paul (2008). "Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (4): 367–407. Bibcode:2008JSPal...6..367M. doi:10.1017/S1477201908002459. S2CID 85673680.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 142. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
External links
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