Canary grass
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| Rightmost illustration is Phalaris canariensis | |
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Canary grass is a plant, Phalaris canariensis, belonging to the family Poaceae. Originally a native of the Mediterranean region, it is now grown commercially in several parts of the world for birdseed.
Description
Phalaris canariensis resembles Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass), a perennial forage crop and a wild grass. Although heads of both crops are panicles, Phalaris canariensis heads resemble club wheat. This large, coarse grass has erect, hairless stems, usually from 2 to 6 feet (0.61 to 1.83 m) tall. The ligule is prominent and membranous, Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) long and rounded at the apex. The gradually tapering leaf blades are Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.3+1⁄2 to 10 inches (8.9 to 25.4 cm) long, Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄4 to 3⁄4 inch (0.64 to 1.91 cm) wide, flat, and often harsh on both surfaces. The compact panicles are erect or sometimes slightly spreading and range from 3 to 16 inches (7.6 to 40.6 cm) long with branches Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2 to 1+1⁄2 inches (1.3 to 3.8 cm) long. Single flowers occur in dense clusters in May to mid-June or August. Inflorescences are green or slightly purple at first, then become tan.
Seeds
The seeds are shiny brown. The seed is used as bird food and is generally mixed with rapeseed and other seeds that cheapen it. It should be kept in a dry place and away from vermin. Industrially, a flour made from seed is employed in the manufacture of fine cotton goods and silk stuffs.
In the Canary Islands, Italy and North Africa, Phalaris canariensis is used as food. In certain parts of Mexico, such as Valle de Bravo, it is prepared and sold by street food vendors as a much appreciated form of atole. However, the seed hulls appear to contain silica fibers, which are linked to esophageal cancer.[1] In 2013, a new hull-less or glabrous variety was announced as a gluten-free food for humans.[2]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Valda M. Craddock (1993). Cancer of the Esophagus: Approaches to the Etiology. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-521-37393-7.
- ^ Joyce Irene Boye, Alloua Achouri, Nancy Raymond, Chantal Cleroux, Dorcas Weber, Terence B. Koerner, Pierre Hucl, Carol Ann Patterson, "Analysis of Glabrous Canary Seeds by ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and Western Blotting for the Absence of Cross-Reactivity with Major Food Plant Allergens", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, 130617150432002 DOI: 10.1021/jf305500t .
- File:PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ward, Artemas (1911). "Canary grass". The Grocer's Encyclopedia. p. 95.
External links
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- Alternative Field Crops Manual
- Silica fibers in canary seed linked to oesophageal cancer
- Silica fibers in canary seed linked to cancer in Iran
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