Car language
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish".
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content using Template:Tl or Template:Tl, Template:Tl for transliterated languages, and Template:Tl for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used - notably caq for Script error: No such module "ISO 639 name".. (January 2025) |
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Car | |
|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
| Pronunciation | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Nicobar Islands |
Native speakers | 37,000 (2005)[1] |
| Latin script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | caq |
| Glottolog | carn1240 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Pū is classified as Critically Endangered according to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2] | |
| Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 526: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/India Andaman and Nicobar Islands" does not exist. | |
| Coordinates: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Car (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the most widely spoken Nicobarese language of the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Although a member of the Austroasiatic language family, it is typologically much more akin to nearby Austronesian languages such as Nias and Acehnese, with which it forms a linguistic area.[3] Car is a VOS language and somewhat agglutinative.[4] There is a quite complicated verbal suffix system with some infixes, as well as distinct genitive and "interrogative" cases for nouns and pronouns.[5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar/ Retroflex |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Fricative | f v | s | h | ||
| Tap | ɾ ɽ | ||||
| Approximant | l | j |
- The alveolar flap can typically be pre-stopped. Before a voiceless consonant, its pre-articulation is voiceless as Script error: No such module "IPA"., and elsewhere it is voiced Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | ɤ | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Open | (æ) | a |
- Script error: No such module "IPA". only occurs in English loanwords.
- Vowel sounds are also typically short when occurring before an Script error: No such module "IPA"..[6]
Morphology
Shared morphological alternations: the old AA causative has two allomorphs, prefix ha- with monosyllabic stems, infix -um- in disyllabic stems (note: *p > h onset in unstressed σ).
- ɲa - 'to eat' / haɲaː 'to feed'
- pɯɲ - 'to cry' / hapɯɲ-ɲɔː 'to make cry'
- kucik - 'be palatable' / kumcik 'to taste'
- kale - 'brave' / kumle 'bravery'
Vocabulary
Paul Sidwell (2017)[7] published in ICAAL 2017 conference on Nicobarese languages.
| Word | Car | proto-Nicobarese |
|---|---|---|
| hot | taɲ | *taɲ |
| four | fɛːn | *foan |
| child | kuːn | *kuːn |
| lip | (minuh) | *manuːɲ |
| dog | ʔam | *ʔam |
| night | hatəːm | *hatəːm |
| male | koːɲ | *koːɲ |
| ear | naŋ | *naŋ |
| one | heŋ | *hiaŋ |
| belly | (ʔac) | *ʔac |
| sun | (tavuːj) | - |
| sweet | (pacaːka) | - |
| overflow | tareːci | *roac |
| nose | mɛh | *moah |
| breast | tɛh | *toah |
| to cough | ʔɛhɛ | *ʔoah |
| arm | kɛl | *koal |
| in, inside | ʔɛl | *ʔoal |
| elbow | sikɔŋ | *keaŋ |
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Car at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 31.
- ^ Cysouw, Michael; Quantitative explorations of the world-wide distribution of rare characteristics, or: the exceptionality of north-western European languages Script error: No such module "webarchive".; pp. 11-12
- ^ WALS: Nicobarese
- ^ Whitehead, Rev. G.; Dictionary of the Car (Nicobarese) language; published 1925 by American Baptist Mission Press; pp. xxvi-xxxii
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sidwell, Paul (2015). Car Nicobarese. The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages: Leiden: Brill. pp. 1231–1240.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2017. "Proto-Nicobarese Phonology, Morphology, Syntax: work in progress". International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics 7, Kiel, Sept 29-Oct 1, 2017.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.
