Chengjiang

Chengjiang
County-level city
Location of the county (red) in Yuxi (pink) and Yunnan
Coordinates:
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Yunnan
Prefecture-level city	Yuxi
Area
• Total
Population	Template:Fix comma category
Population
• Total	Template:Fix comma category
• Density
Template:Pluralize from text	Template:Pluralize from text
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	652500
Template:Pluralize from text	0877Template:Pluralize from text
Website	www.yncj.gov.cn
Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site

File:Maotianshania-cylindrica.jpg

Chengjiang fossil

Chengjiang (Template:Zh; earlier Tchinkiang) is a city located in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, China, just north of Fuxian Lake.

Administrative divisions

Chengjiang City has 2 subdistricts and 4 townships.

2 subdistricts

• Fenglu ()
• Longjie ()

4 towns

• Yousuo ()
• Yangzong ()
• Haikou ()
• Jiucun ()

Chengjiang Fossil Site

In evolutionary biology, and especially paleontology, Chengjiang is noted for soft-tissue fossil finds, of the Maotianshan Shales, dated less than 518 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which "are as spectacular as the Burgess Shale fauna, and significantly older." These fossils are considered one of the most important fossil finds of the 20th century. They contain an exquisite degree of detail, cover a diverse range of fauna, and are significant in attempts to understand the evolution of life on Earth. In 2012, the Changjiang Fossil Site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The fossils were first discovered by Henri Mansuy and Jaques Deprat who described them in 1912, the year after Charles Walcott's initial publications on the Burgess Shale. It was not until 1984 that the true significance of the palaeontology of the region was realised by Hou Xian-guang, a professor at Yunnan University, Kunming, where he is director of the Research Center for Chengjiang Biota. Previously he was a professor at the Palaeontological Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing.

Chengjiang is an underdeveloped city having rich phosphate deposits above and below the formation holding the lagerstätte. They have been exploited in part through efforts that began at about the same time that Hou Xian-guang discovered the deposits that bear these exceptional fossils, with phosphate mining bringing in some 2/3 of the city's revenue in 2003. Efforts were made to close the region to mining in a bid to support the city's bid for listing as a World Heritage Site, given the scientific significance of the fossils. A consequence of this was renewed mining efforts in the region, which threatened the fossil-bearing strata due to erosion, slumping of overburden, and simple destruction by the mining efforts.

Chengjiang faces a dilemma between calls for preservation of the treasure trove of early Cambrian fossils, the economic reliance it has on the phosphate industry, and the difficulty of finding a balance between exploitation and restoration of the land while this is still possible.

Further reading

• Guang, Hou Xian; Aldridge, Richard J.; Bergstrom, Jan; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Xian-Hong, Feng (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-0673-5.

• Donovan, S.K. (2006). "Book Review - The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China" (PDF). In PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2009-10-15.

• Conway, Morris S. (1998). The Crucible of Creation. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192862020.

External links

• Chengjiang Official Website