Cladida

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Cladida is a major subgroup of crinoids with a complicated taxonomic history. Cladida was originally applied to a wide assortment of extinct crinoids with a dicyclic calyx. Under this original definition, cladids would represent a paraphyletic order ancestral to several other major crinoid groups, particularly the living Articulata. More recently, Cladida has been redefined as a monophyletic parvclass of pentacrinoids which encompasses articulates and the extinct Flexibilia (flexibles). Cladids also include various minor taxa such as the hybocrinids and "cyathocrines". As flexibles were not originally considered cladids, the new subgroup Eucladida has been erected for cladids which are more derived than flexibles. Cladida is the sister group to Disparida, another large group of extinct crinoids.[2]

Taxonomy

List of genera

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References

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  1. ^ Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids, Raymond Cecil Moore, Lowell Robert Laudon, 1943
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wright, David F.; Ausich, William I.; Cole, Selina R.; Peter, Mark E.; Rhenberg, Elizabeth C. (2017). "Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (4): 829–846. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.142. ISSN 0022-3360.
  3. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wright, David F. (2017-10-23). "Phenotypic Innovation and Adaptive Constraints in the Evolutionary Radiation of Palaeozoic Crinoids". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 13745. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13979-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5653864.

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