Clogging

Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:DMCA Clogging, buck dancing, or flatfoot dancing is a type of folk dance practiced in the United States, in which the dancer's footwear is used percussively by striking the heel, the toe, or both against a floor or each other to create audible rhythms, usually to the downbeat with the heel keeping the rhythm. Clogging can be found at various Old-Time and Bluegrass Music festivals.

Clogging is the official state dance of Kentucky and North Carolina.

Antecedents

In the United States, team clogging originated from square dance teams in Asheville, North Carolina's Mountain Dance and Folk Festival (1928), organized by Bascom Lamar Lunsford in the Appalachian region.

The Soco Gap Dancers performed at the White House in 1939, which caused an uptick in the popularity of team clogging.

American Clogging is associated with the predecessor to bluegrass—"old-time" music, which is based on English, and Irish fiddle tunes by European Americans as well as American Black banjo tunes. Clogging primarily developed from Irish step dancing called Sean-nós dance; there were also English, Scottish, German, and Cherokee step dances, as well as American Black rhythms and movement influences too. It was from clogging that tap dance eventually evolved. Now, many clogging teams compete against other teams for prizes such as money and trophies.

Terminology

The term "buck", as in buck dancing, is traceable to the West Indies and is derived from a Tupi Indian word denoting a frame or hurdle for drying and smoking meat; the original po bockarau or buccaneers were sailors who ate smoked meat and fish after the manner of the Indians. Another source states that the word bockorau can be traced to the "Angolan" word "buckra', and was used to refer to white people, which is disputed. However the word is known and currently used in Gullah Geechi culture of the Southeast region of the U.S. Eventually the term came to describe Irish immigrant sailors whose jig dance was known as 'the buck'."

One source states that buck dancing was the earliest combination of the basic shuffle and tap steps performed to syncopated rhythms in which accents are placed not on the straight beat, as with the jigs, clogs, and other dances of European origin, but on the downbeat or offbeat, a style derived primarily from the rhythms of American Black tribal music.

Yet another etymology of the word argues that it derives from the word "buck", used as a pejorative term for American Black men in the 19th century. Buck dancing was popularized in the United States by minstrel performers by European American men in blackface who would engage in American Black stereotypes in the late 19th century during their shows. Many folk festivals and fairs utilize dancing clubs or teams to perform both Buck and regular clogging for entertainment.

See also

• Buckdancer's Choice
• Clog dancing
• Ira Bernstein
• Limberjack
• Sean-nós dance, including as practised in America
• Step dance

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Ames, Jerry; Siegelman, Jim (1977), The Book of Tap, David McKay Company, ISBN 0-679-50615-2
• History of clogging, Adelaide Bluegrass Cloggers, archived from the original on 15 October 2009, retrieved 24 April 2010
• Cahill, Mike (14 June 2008), Clogs, archived from the original on 5 March 2016, retrieved 20 February 2016
• Chambers, Douglas B (1 March 2005), Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia, University Press of Mississippi, ISBN 978-1578067060
• Chuku, Gloria (17 August 2012), "Enslaved Igbo and the Foundation of Afro-Virginia Slave Culture and Society", ChickenBones, Nathaniel Turner, archived from the original on 3 March 2016, retrieved 20 February 2016 Review and criticism of

• "Clogging: How it's different from tap", Dance Spirit, Dance Media, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 5 March 2016, retrieved 20 February 2016
• Hashaw, Tim (2007), Children of Perdition: Melungeons and the struggle of mixed America, Mercer University Press, ISBN 978-0-88146-013-1
• Spalding, Susan Eike; Woodside, Jane Harris, eds. (1995), Communities in Motion: dance, community, and tradition in America's Southeast and beyond, Westport, Connecticut, US: Greenwood Press
• Frank X. Bonner (1983) Clogging and the Southern Appalachian Square Dance, Creative Imprints of Marietta, Georgia, US