Codex Macedoniensis

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Uncial 034
New Testament manuscript
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Folio 1 recto
NameMacedoniensis
SignY
TextGospels
Date9th century
ScriptGreek
Now atCambridge University Library
Size18 cm by 13 cm
TypeByzantine text-type
CategoryV

Codex Macedoniensis or Macedonianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels written on parchment. It is designated by Y or 034 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 073 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts.[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript[4] Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 9th century.[3]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript The manuscript has several gaps.[3]Template:R/superscript[5] Historian William C. Braithwaite described the manuscript as "very carefully written."[7]Template:R/superscript

Description

The manuscript is a codex (the precursor to the modern book), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels on 309 parchment leaves (sized 18 cm by 13 cm).[5]Template:R/superscript[7][8] The text is written in one column per page, and 16-21 lines per column.[5]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript There are six gaps (known as lacunae): Matthew 1:1-9:11; 10:35-11:4; Luke 1:26-36; 15:25-16:5; 23:22-34; and John 20:27-21:17.[1][7]Template:R/superscript The manuscript would have originally consisted of 42 quires made of 8 folio's (this being 8 parchment leaves placed on top of each other, then folded in half to create pages) for a total of 674 pages.[7]Template:R/superscript The missing sections total 66 pages.[7]Template:R/superscript The text is written in black and brown ink, including Greek accents and breathing marks.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript Greek punctuation is used throughout the manuscript, using the high, middle, and low phrase mid-dots, along with the comma.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript

The chapters (known as Script error: No such module "Lang". / kephalaia) are included, with their titles (known as Script error: No such module "Lang". / titloi) written at the top and bottom of the pages.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript The chapter lists (also known as Script error: No such module "Lang".) are written before the Gospels of Mark, Luke, and John (due to the missing first portion of Matthew, unable to determine whether a chapter list was before the Gospel of Matthew as well), with brief subscriptions written at the end of each Gospel.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript There are ornamented headpieces (beginning titles) at the start of Mark, Luke, and John (again, due to beginning of Matthew missing unable to determine whether it was the same there).[7]Template:R/superscript The beginning (Script error: No such module "Lang". / arche) and ending (Script error: No such module "Lang". / telos) signs for the weekly lection readings of the Church calendar are also inserted.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript

The Ammonian sections and Eusebian canons are also included (these being early divisions of the for Gospels into sections), with the chapter numbers written in the side margins.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript The chapter titles, Ammonian and Eusebian numbers, lection markings, and initial letters of each new section are written in carmine ink, except for the text comprising Luke 1:1-11:26 which are all written in black ink.[7]Template:R/superscript

Text

File:CodMace(Y) 267v Jhn7.52-8.5.jpg
Folio 267 (verso) showing omission of Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11)

The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the Byzantine text-type.[2]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system.[5]Template:R/superscript Category V manuscripts are described as "manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text."[5]Template:R/superscript

According to textual critic Hermann von Soden, the manuscript belongs to his Ik text grouping.[1]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript Biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake found that this manuscript shares traits with the textual Family Π, and specifically with Codex Alexandrinus.[2]Template:R/superscript[6]

The longer ending of Mark (16:9-20), Luke 22:43 and John 5:4 are included, with no signs to indicate suspected spuriousness or non-canonicity for the verses.[8]Template:R/superscript The texts of Matthew 16:2b–3 (Signs of the Times) and Jesus and the woman taken in adultery (known as the Pericope Adulterae, John 7:53-8:11) are omitted.[8]Template:R/superscript[9]

History

The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. The codex was acquired by stockbroker Joseph Bevan Braithwaite from Macedonia in 1901, which was given to his brother, the historian William C. Braithwaite who described it in volume 13 of the Expository Times.[3][7]Template:R/superscript

Readings from the manuscript were inadequately cited by textual critic Constantin von Tischendorf in his critic edition of the Greek New Testament.[2]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript Gregory provided a collation of the manuscript in his Textkritik des Neuen Testaments, volume 3 page 1028.[2]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript

According to Biblical scholar Bruce M. Metzger, the manuscript "deserves to be studied more thoroughly than has hitherto been the case".[2] A similar sentiment was earlier voiced by Lake, who said "[i]ts complete study remains a problem for the future."[6]Template:R/superscript

Based on the writing graphical style, Braithwaite dated it to the 9th century CE, which is still the date assigned to it.[2]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript Due to some of the letter formations in the titles and in the main text itself, Braithwaite suggested the manuscript was copied from a 7th century CE manuscript.[7]Template:R/superscript The manuscript is currently located in the Cambridge University Library (additional manuscripts shelf number 6594) in Cambridge, England.[5]Template:R/superscript[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.von Soden, Hermann (1902). Die Schriften des neuen Testaments, in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt / hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte. Vol. 1. Berlin: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. p. 132.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Metzger, Bruce Manning (1963). Chapters in the History of New Testament Textual Criticism. Leiden: Brill. pp. 39–40.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kenyon, Frederick (1912). Handbook to the Textual Xriticism of the New Testament. London: MacMillan & Co. p. 116.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichsg. p. 36.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lake, Kirsopp (1936). Family Π and the Codex Alexandrinus: The Text According to Mark. London: Christophers. p. 57. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Braithwaite, William Charles (1901–1902). "A New Uncial of the Gospels". Expository Times. 13 (XIII): 114–117.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hatch, William Henry Paine (1939). The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. Plate 49 (XLIX).
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gregory, Caspar René (1909). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. Vol. 3. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. p. 1027.
  10. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Liste Handschriften: Codex Macedoniensis (Y)". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 23 January 2025.

Further reading

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