Comparative case
The comparative case (abbreviated Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.comp) is a grammatical case which marks a nominal to indicate comparison with another entity through the designation of a case marker. It is not to be confused with the semblative case, a discrete grammatical case which expresses the similarity of one entity to another. The comparative case is distinct from comparative degree in that the comparative case involves morphemes appearing on nouns, while in comparative degree morphemes appear on adjectives or adverbs.
Examples
Uralic languages
An example of a comparative case which designates similarity to something is found in Mari, where the comparative case is the suffix Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) as in (1):[1]
Mari also uses the comparative case when denoting the language a person is speaking, writing, or hearing. Then, however, the accentuation varies slightly from the standard case. Usually, the suffix is not stressed. When it is used to denote a language, however, it is stressed.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed]
In another Uralic language, Erzya-Mordvin, the comparative case suffix is Script error: No such module "Lang".. The case is generally used to indicate similarity in size or quantity.
Caucasian languages
An example of the comparative case marking the noun serving as the standard of comparison comes from the Chechen suffix Script error: No such module "Lang"..[2] For example, the comparative suffix appears on Script error: No such module "Lang". 'ice' in Script error: No such module "Lang". 'cold as ice': Template:Interlinear
The comparative case can also be found in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language:[3]Template:Interlinear
Turkic languages
Similarly, in the Turkic language Sakha (Yakut), the noun serving as the standard of comparison can be marked with the comparative case suffix -TĀGAr .Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
This latter sense of comparative case is similar to locational comparatives,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. where a locational case such as the ablative marks the noun in a standard of comparison, found in Turkic languages such as Uzbek:
Language isolates
Nivkh is another language with this comparative case suffix (-yk/-ak): Template:Interlinear
See also
- Semblative case
- Formal case
- Equative case
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Зорина, З. Г.; Крылова, Г. С.; Якимова, Э. С. (1990). арийский язык для всех, ч. 1. Йошкар-Ола: Марийское книжное издательство.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dotton, Zura; Doyle, Wagner John (2017). A Grammar of Chechen (PDF). Duke University.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.The Oxford Handbook of Case. 2008. pp. 672–674.
Bibliography
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Krueger, John R. (1962). Yakut Manual. Bloomington: Indiana U Press.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gruzdeva, Ekaterina (1998). Nivkh. München: Lincom Europa.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stassen, Leon (2013). "Comparative Constructions". In Dryer, Matthew; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
- Зорина, З. Г., Г. С. Крылова, and Э. С. Якимова. Марийский язык для всех, ч. 1. Йошкар-Ола: Марийское книжное издательство, 1990;
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