Comparison of Java virtual machines

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Version information

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Name Creator First public release Latest stable version Latest release date Cost, availability License
Eclipse OpenJ9 (formerly IBM J9) IBM 15 Mar 2018[1] Template:Wikidata data-sort-value="Template:Wikidata"| Template:Wikidata; Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time. (Template:Wikidata) Free Eclipse Public License 2.0
Apache License 2.0
GCJ GNU 6 September 1998 6.4 (Terminal) 4 July 2017 Free GPL version 2 or later, with the "libgcc exception"[2]
GraalVM Oracle May 2019 Template:Wikidata data-sort-value="Template:Wikidata"| Template:Wikidata; Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time. (Template:Wikidata) Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk-16 16 March 2021 Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk 16 16 March 2021 Free Proprietary
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 ? ? Commercial Proprietary[3]
HotSpot, Zero port Gary Benson[4] ? ? ? Free GPL version 2 only
IKVM Jeroen Frijters 28 June 2004 Template:Wikidata data-sort-value="Template:Wikidata"| Template:Wikidata; Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time. (Template:Wikidata) Free zlib License[5]
JamVM Robert Lougher 13 March 2003 2.0.0 30 July 2014 Free GPL version 2 or later
Jikes RVM IBM 14 October 2001 3.1.4[6] 18 February 2016[6] Free Eclipse Public License version 1.0[7]
Kaffe Transvirtual Technologies 1996 1.1.9 22 February 2008 Free GPL version 2 or later[8]
SableVM Sable Research Group ? 1.13 30 March 2007[9] Free LGPL version 2.1 or later

Technical information

JVM Status Latest supported Java version Supported class libraries Performance
GNU Classpath OpenJDK Other Interpretation AOT JIT
GCJ No longer maintained or distributed by GNU as of GCC 7[10] ? Yes No Yes Yes No
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition ? No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Zero port Interpreter-only port of OpenJDK using almost no assembly language and designed to be very portable. 1.7 No Yes Yes No No
IKVM 1.8[11] ? ? Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM 1.8[12] Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] No Yes[13]
Jikes RVM 1.6[14] Yes[15] Port[16][17] Apache Harmony[15] No[18] ? Yes
Kaffe 1.4[8] Yes[8] No Yes[8] No[8] Yes[8]
SableVM Unmaintained 1.4 Yes No Yes No No

Supported CPU architectures

JVM x86 x86-64 SPARC MIPS Itanium Power ISA ARM Alpha S/390 z/Architecture m68k
GCJ Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] No[19] No[19]
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes[20] Yes[20] Solaris only[20] Port[21][22] No[20] PowerPC/AIX port[23] Yes[20] No[20] No[20] No[20] No[20]
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes[20] Yes[20] Solaris only[20] No[20] Java 1.6[24] No[20] Yes[20] No[20] No[20] No[20] No[20]
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes[3] Yes[3] Yes[3] ? ? Yes[3] Yes[3] ? ? ? ?
HotSpot, Zero port Yes[25] Yes[25] No[25] Yes[25] Yes[25] Yes[25] Yes[25] Yes[25] No[25] Yes[25] No[25]
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] No[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] No[13] No[13] No[13] No[13]
Jikes RVM Yes[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] Yes[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26]
Kaffe Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] No[8] Yes[8]
SableVM Yes[27] Yes Yes[27] Yes Yes[27] Yes[27] Yes[27] Yes[27] Yes[27] No[27] Yes[27]

Supported operating systems

JVM Windows Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Solaris OpenSolaris Darwin macOS AIX IRIX Other
GCJ Yes[19] Yes[19] Yes[19] ? ? Yes[19] ? Yes[19] Yes[19] ? Yes[19] DEC OSF 4.0f and 5.1, Hitachi SH-3/4 micro-controller[19]
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes[28] (distributed as source code) Yes Port[29] Port[29] Port[29] Yes Yes[30] ? Yes[31] Port[23] No OS/2port,[32] Haiku port[33]
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes[20] Yes[20] No No No Yes[20] ? ? Yes[20] No No
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes[3] Yes[3] No[3] No[3] No[3] Yes[3] ?[3] No[3] No[3] No[3] No[3]
HotSpot, Zero port No[25][34] Yes[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34] No[25][34]
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM No[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] No[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] Yes[13] No[13] No[13] Jailbroken iPhone,[12] kFreeBSD
Jikes RVM No[26] Yes[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] No[26] Yes[26] Yes[26] No[26]
Kaffe Using Cygwin[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] ? Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] Yes[8] AmigaOS, BeOS, several others[8]
SableVM Using Cygwin[27] Yes[27] Yes[27] ? ? ? ? ? Yes[27] ? ?

References

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