Copiapoa
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Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile.
Description
Copiapoa comprises 32 morphologically defined species and five heterotypic subspecies.[1] The species in this genus form dense cushions of hundreds of large, individual plants or produce only solitary plants. The shoots are spherical or elongated cylindrical. The spines, which are usually present, are variably shaped. On the apex, the species are usually densely woolly-haired. The ribs are clearly developed. These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green bodies. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers, which grow from woolly crowns on the apex in summer. They are bell- to funnel-shaped and open during the day. The short, circular pericarp is glabrous. The flower tube is short and broad. The small, smooth fruits contain large, shiny, black seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.
Species
As of January 2023[update], Plants of the World Online accepted the following species.[3] In the list, they have been separated into sections.[4][5]
| Subgenus | Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilocopiapoa (F.Ritter) Doweld—Ritter | File:Copiapoa solaris.jpg | Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) |
| File:Copiapoa humilis australis.jpg | Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon | Chile (Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa laui 01.jpg | Copiapoa laui Diers | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
| Mammillopoa Helmut Walter & Larridon | File:Copiapoa humilis pm.jpg | Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison | Chile (Antofagasta). |
| Copiapoa sect. Cinerei | File:Copiapoa ahremephiana 3.jpg | Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (W. & SW. Antofagasta). |
| File:Copiapoa haseltoniana 6336.jpg | Copiapoa gigantea Backeb. | Chile (Antofagasta to N. Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa cinerea 1.jpg | Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
| Copiapoa sect. Copiapoa | File:Copiapoa angustiflora.jpg | Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) |
| File:Copiapoa aphanes.jpeg | Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
| File:Copiapoa atacamensis.jpg | Copiapoa atacamensis Middled. | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa calderana 001.JPG | Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa cinerascens.jpg | Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa decorticans 5.jpg | Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa desertorum 13.jpg | Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa esmeraldana pm.JPG | Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa grandiflora 2e.jpg | Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa hypogaea pm.jpg | Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa leonensis 8.jpg | Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa longispina 12.jpg | Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama) | |
| File:Copiapoa longistaminea.jpg | Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter | Chile. | |
| File:Copiapoa marginata 03.jpg | Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Atacama to NW. Coquimbo) | |
| File:Copiapoa algarrobensis FK 530-IMG 7245.jpg | Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa mollicula ies.jpg | Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
| File:Capiapoa.montana.7686.jpg | Copiapoa montana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
| File:Copiapoa rubriflora.jpg | Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta). | |
| File:Copiapoa serpentisulcata.jpg | Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofaga to NW. Atacama). | |
| File:Copiapoa taltalensis 2.jpg | Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser | Chile (SW. Antofagasta). | |
| Echinopoa Doweld | File:Copiapoa algarrobensis FK 530-IMG 7245.jpg | Copiapoa algarrobensis Katt. | Chile (Atacama) |
| File:Copiapoa coquimbana.jpg | Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to Coquimbo) | |
| Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama) | ||
| File:Copiapoa bridgesii.jpg | Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
| File:Copiapoa totoralensis.jpg | Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb. | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Coquimbo) | |
| Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | ||
| File:Copiapoa dealbata 15.jpg | Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. | Chile (Atacama) | |
| Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter | Chile (Coquimbo) | ||
| Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). |
See also
- Copiapó (the largest city of the Atacama region)
- Pan de Azúcar National Park
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Copiapoa Britton & Rose - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa (Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9). Wiley: 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26373974.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kattermann, F (2018). "Molecular Study of the Genus Copiapoa (Cactaceae) Part I". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 90 (94): 284–294. doi:10.2985/015.090.0408 (inactive 11 July 2025).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
External links
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- From Caldera to Copiapo, a collection of images of various species
- Cactuspedia Copiapoa
- CactiGuide Copiapoa
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