Cormons
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Cormons or Cormòns[1][2] (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a Script error: No such module "Lang". (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Gorizia, on the border with Slovenia.
Cormons borders the following municipalities: Brda (Slovenia), Capriva del Friuli, Chiopris-Viscone, Corno di Rosazzo, Dolegna del Collio, Mariano del Friuli, Medea, Moraro, San Floriano del Collio, San Giovanni al Natisone.
Physical geography
Located at the foot of Mount Quarin (274 m above sea level) north of the Gorizia Karst, in the Collio plain, it is approximately 3 kilometers from the Slovenian border, approximately 40 kilometers from the regional capital Trieste, 10 kilometers from the provincial capital Gorizia, approximately 25 kilometers from Udine, and approximately 90 kilometers from Pordenone.
Origins of the Name
The name Cormons has a pre-Latin linguistic substratum: it probably derives from a personal or popular name (Carmo), which also gave rise to the name of a tribe, the Galli Carmones or Carmonenses. The tribe owed its name to a weasel or an ermine (carmùn in Rhaeto-Romance and harmo in Old German, respectively), which it had made its totem.[3]
History
During the 11th and 12th centuries, Cormons was disputed between the patriarchs of Aquileia and the counts of Gorizia, who took possession of it in 1277. After a brief Venetian occupation in 1308, it returned to the counts of Gorizia.[4] In 1497, Count Leonardo of Gorizia was forced by Maximilian I of Habsburg to sign a legacy in his favour to avoid war. Upon Leonardo's death, Cormons, like the entire county of Gorizia, passed to the Habsburg Empire which, except for a brief period of occupation by the Republic of Venice (1508-1509) and the brief Napoleonic interlude, maintained it until the First World War. From 1563 to 1570, political-military meetings between Venice and the Empire were held there, which however yielded little result.
Following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars and the redefined borders of European states at the Congress of Vienna, in 1816 Cormons and the Gorizia area became part of the Kingdom of Austria. In 1849, by order of Emperor Franz Joseph, the territory of Gorizia obtained the status of Land and took the name of Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, thus becoming one of the 17 countries represented in the Imperial Council.
At the conclusion of the third war of independence, on 12 August 1866, the general of the army corps Petitti di Roreto and the Austrian plenipotentiary, general Moring, signed the armistice between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire in Cormons, at Villa Tomadoni.[5]
With the papal bull of August 4, 1910, Franz Joseph I of Austria granted Cormons the title of city.[6] He thus recognized its significant economic growth, due to the Südbahn railway that had connected Cormons to Vienna since 1860 and to the Italian railway network, and which from 1866 became the customs post on the border between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy.
During the First World War, it immediately passed into Italian hands (May 25, 1915), was then reconquered by the Austrians (October 28, 1917, XII Battle of the Isonzo), and finally returned to Italy at the end of the First World War; however, it was partially damaged during the war.
During World War II, Cormons was invaded by the Germans after the armistice. During the Nazi-Fascist occupation, partisan groups emerged in Cormons, such as the Garibaldi and Mazzini Battalions, which for two years carried out sabotage and ambushes against the Nazi-Fascists throughout the Cormons area. Only on 3 May 1945 was Cormons liberated by the simultaneous intervention of Italian partisan formations, those of the IX Slovenian Korpus and units of the 2nd New Zealand Division.
The history of the recreation center on Via Pozzetto began immediately after the end of World War II, thanks to the vision and determination of the then parish priest, Monsignor Angelo Magrini. The area was occupied by the old Habsburg barracks, which after the war had lost much of its function, with the new one built in the late 1930s being sufficient. Cormons, like Gorizia and Trieste, was under the protection of the Allied military government until September 1947, with the entry into force of the peace treaty signed in Paris in February of that same year. It was between 1945 and 1947 that the fate of that vast area was decided, also under American pressure. With the council resolution of July 5, 1947, the area of the current recreation center was provisionally assigned to the parish by the Army Corps of Engineers.[7]
Symbols
Coat of Arms
The municipal coat of arms was granted by Emperor Franz Joseph on March 16, 1869,[8][9] and was then officially recognized by the Italian State with the Decree of 7 August 1936.[10]
Gonfalon
The gonfalon was adopted by resolution of the municipal council on November 16, 1953.[11]
Honours
On August 4, 1910 Emperor Franz Joseph granted Cormons the title of city (Stadt).[6]
Monuments and Places of Interest
Religious Architecture
- Cathedral of Sant'Adalbert, which houses the Cathedral Museum[12]
- Church of San Leopoldo
- Church of Santa Caterina, also known as the Sanctuary of the Mystical Rose.
- Church of the Blessed Virgin of Help, on the slopes of Mount Quarin.[13]
- Church of San Giovanni Battista, also known as the Church of Santa Lucia.
- Church of Santa Maria, also known as the Church of Santa Apollonia.
- Church of San Giorgio, built on the ruins of a castle destroyed in the 13th century.
- Church of Santo Stefano in Giassico.
- Church of San Lorenzo in the hamlet of Brazzano.
- Church of San Rocco in the hamlet of Brazzano.
Civil Architecture
- Palazzo Locatelli, the seat of the town hall and, since 2002, the seat of the local civic museum and the municipal wine shop.
- Villa Tomadoni, located on Via Piave, where the Armistice of Cormons was signed.
- Palazzo Taccò-Aita.
- Piazza Libertà with the statue of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg.
Military Architecture
- Cormons Castle
Demographics
According to the Italian census of 1971, 4.4% of the population was of Slovene ethnicity.[14]
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Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:600 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:8000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(300,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(285,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 text:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 text:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 text:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 text:2030 PlotData= color:barra width:5 align:left bar:1921 from: 0 till:7484 bar:1931 from: 0 till:7684 bar:1936 from: 0 till:7327 bar:1951 from: 0 till:7927 bar:1961 from: 0 till:7766 bar:1971 from: 0 till:7631 bar:1981 from: 0 till:7835 bar:1991 from: 0 till:7553 bar:2001 from: 0 till:7449 bar:2011 from: 0 till:7543 bar:2021 from: 0 till:7198</timeline> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ethnic groups and foreign minorities
As of December 31, 2024, there were 420 foreigners residing in the municipality, or 5.7% of the population.:[15] The largest groups are listed below:
- Romania, 64
- Slovenia, 53
- China, 43
- Morocco, 33
- Serbia, 23
Languages and dialects
In Cormons, alongside Italian, the population speaks Friulian. Pursuant to Resolution No. 2680 of August 3, 2001, issued by the Regional Council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the municipality is included in the territorial protection of the Friulian language for the purposes of Law 482/99, Regional Law 15/96, and Regional Law 29/2007.[16]
The Slovenian language is also officially protected.[17] It has historically been spoken in the hamlets of Plessiva and Zegla, formerly part of the municipality of Medana, as well as in small towns such as Novali.[18]
Human geography
Borgnano (Borgnan in Friulian, Bornjan in Slovenian) and Brazzano (Breçan in standard Friulian, Brezan in local Friulian, Bračan in Slovenian) are only considered hamlets.
Economy
Cormons is a lively agritourism center in eastern Friuli, known for its production of internationally renowned wines, prosciutto, and cheeses.
Transport
Cormons railway station: the station is located on the Udine–Trieste railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia to Trieste, Udine, Treviso and Venice.
Administration
| Period | Office holder | Party | Title | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 giugno 2024 | in carica | Roberto Felcaro | lista civica Direzione Cormons, Start | Mayor | [19] |
Notable peoples
Twin towns
- Template:Flagicon Friesach, Austria 1984[20]
- Template:Flagicon Brda Collio, Slovenia
- Template:Flagicon Tokaj, Hungary
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cormons o Cormòns? una questione di accento". Messaggero Veneto. August 6, 2009. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Femia, Matteo (August 7, 2009). "Cormons o Cormòns, una disputa sull'accento che dura da un secolo". Il Piccolo. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."La città di Cormòns". www.comune.cormons.go.it (in italiano). Retrieved 2025-10-28.
- ^ Luoghi storici d'Italia, pubblicazione a cura della rivista Storia Illustrata, Arnoldo Mondadori editore, 1972, p. 1135.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."In via Piave la casa dell'armistizio" (in italiano). Il Piccolo. 2011-08-12.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Concessione a Cormons del titolo di Città" (PDF) (in Deutsch). 4 August 1910.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."La storia del Ric da caserma ad oratorio". chiesacormons.it (in italiano). 2017-11-03.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Decreto del 15 marzo 1869 – Stemma (Impero Austro-ungarico)" (PDF) (in Deutsch).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lo storico stemma comunale rivive in una mostra che racconta la città". Il Piccolo. 11 July 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cormons". Archivio Centrale dello Stato. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Città di Cormons (GO)". araldicacivica.it (in italiano). Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Saint Adalberto's Cathedral turismofvg.it
- ^ Church of the Blessed Virgin of Help chiesacormons.it
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Slovene studies (2021). "Slovene Studies". infos at digital.lib.washington.edu. New York: Society for Slovene Studies. ISSN 0193-1075. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.ISTAT (ed.). "Bilancio demografico e popolazione residente straniera al 31 dicembre 2024 per sesso e cittadinanza" (in italiano). Retrieved 21 October 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Toponomastica: denominazioni ufficiali in lingua friulana" (in italiano).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."leggi di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche in Friuli Venezia Giulia" (in italiano).
- ^ History of Slovenia sistory.si
- ^ Anagrafe degli Amministratori Locali e RegionaliTemplate:In lang amministratori.interno.gov.it
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Städte-Partnerschaften".friesach.gv.at
External links
Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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