Crocus etruscus
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Scientific classification 
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Crocus etruscus (Tuscan crocus) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae, endemic to woodlands of Central Tuscany (Italy).[2] It is a cormous perennial growing to 8 cm (3.1 in) tall. The lilac flowers with purple veining and prominent orange stigmas appear in early spring.[3]
Description
Crocus etruscus is a herbaceous perennial geophyte growing from a corm. The corm is globe shaped with a flat top, the tunic is coarsely netted and a secondary star-shaped tunic is produced around the basal plate (where the roots are generated). Flowers are lavender-blue with gray-blue outer surfaces that are marked with dark veining. The three-branched, orange-red stigma is generally taller than the anthers. Flowering occurs in late winter- early spring.[4] Plants are self-incompatible,[5] meaning that viable seeds are not produced when pollination occurs among flowers of the same corm. The anthers open up away from the center of the flower to release pollen.[5]
Habitat
It is found growing in sub-Mediterranean deciduous woods and stony fields; the species may be in bloom from February to April.[6] The species is almost extinct in the wild.[4] It has a restricted natural range, being endemic to the southwestern part of Tuscany.[5]
In nature the plant has "near-threatened" status.[1] However, it also appears in cultivation. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7]
Cultivars
- Crocus etruscus 'Zwanenburg' is a cultivar with flowers that are pale violet-gray. The flowers have lilac-blue and deep violet-blue striations, with pale yellow throats, and orange anthers.
- Crocus etruscus 'Rosalind' is a cultivar with soft pink flowers.[4]
References
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- ^ a b Template:Cite iucn
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carta A, Pierini B, Alessandrini A, Frignani F, Peruzzi L (2010). "Contributo alla conoscenza della flora vascolare endemica di Toscana ed aree contermini. 1. Crocus etruscus Parl. (Iridaceae)". Inform. Bot. Ital. 42 (1): 47–52.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1-4053-3296-5.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jelitto, Leo; Schacht, Wilhelm; Epp, Michael E.; Baumgardt, John Philip; Fessler, Alfred (1990). Hardy herbaceous perennials. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-88192-159-9. OCLC 20012412.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carta A, Campigli S, Peruzzi L, Bedini G (2016-11-01). "The avoidance of self-interference in the Tuscan endemic spring geophyte Crocus etruscus Parl. (Iridaceae)". Plant Biosystems. 150 (6): 1358–1363. doi:10.1080/11263504.2015.1118164. ISSN 1126-3504. S2CID 87988779.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1989). The Random House Book of Bulbs. Random House. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-679-72756-9.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Crocus etruscus". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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