Curonian language

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Old Curonian
Native toLatvia, Lithuania, Germany (historically)
Extinct16th century[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xcu
Glottologcuro1234
ELPTemplate:Endangered Languages Project
LinguasphereTemplate:Infobox language/lingualist
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  Curonian

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File:Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg
Distribution of the Baltic tribes, circa 1200 CE (boundaries are approximate)

The Curonian language (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx), or Old Curonian, was a Baltic language spoken by the Curonians, a Baltic tribe who inhabited Courland (now western Latvia[2]Template:Rp[1] and northwestern Lithuania[3]).

Classification

Curonian was an Indo-European language of the Baltic branch, as proven by Jānis Endzelīns.[4]

Curonian's relation to other Baltic languages is unclear:[1]

History

Old Curonian disappeared in the course of the 16th century.[1]

Since the end of the 20th century, there has been a revival of scientific and cultural interest in Latvia and Lithuania in the now extinct Baltic languages and tribes, including Yotvingian, Curonian, and Old Prussian.[citation needed]

Lexicon

Samogitian words such as Script error: No such module "Lang". (mosquito), Script error: No such module "Lang". (duck), Script error: No such module "Lang". (swallow), Script error: No such module "Lang". (skylark), Script error: No such module "Lang". (hare), Script error: No such module "Lang". (stone), Script error: No such module "Lang". (marsh), and Script error: No such module "Lang". (winter wheat) are considered to be of Curonian origin.[9]

Further words show similarities with Old Prussian: Script error: No such module "Lang". and Old Prussian: Script error: No such module "Lang". compared to Template:Langx, Template:Langx, all meaning wheel.[2]Template:R/superscript

Corpus

Evidence from other languages

Curonian left substrata in western dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian, namely the Samogitian dialect. No written documents in this language are known, but some ancient Lithuanian texts from western regions show some Curonian influence. According to Lithuanian linguist Zigmas Zinkevičius, long and intense Curonian–Lithuanian bilingualism existed.

Onomastics

There are only few onomastics in the region considered to have been inhabited by the Curonians.[2]Template:Rp

There are attested names of Curonian noblemen such as: Lammekinus [lv], Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"..

Potential text in Curonian

Additionally, the Pater Noster reported by Simon Grunau is speculated to be in Curonian.[2]Template:R/superscript[10]

Lord's Prayer after Simon Grunau Script error: No such module "Lang".

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haarmann, Harald (2002). "Kurisch" [Curonian]. In Miloš Okuka (ed.). Wieser-Enzyklopädie des Europäischen Ostens (in Deutsch). Vol. 10. Klagenfurt/Vienna, Austria: Wieser. p. 957. ISBN 3-85129-510-2. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dini, Pietro U. (2014). Foundations of Baltic languages. Translated by Richardson, Milda B.; Richardson, Robert E. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. ISBN 978-609-437-263-6.
  3. ^ "Kuršiai" [Curonians] (in Lithuanian). Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 8 November 2023.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."kuršių kalba" [Curonian language]. Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (in lietuvių). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, eds. (2001). The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact. Vol. 1: Past and Present. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9789027230577.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dini, Pietro U. (2014). Foundations of the Baltic languages. Translated by Richardson, Milda B.; Richardson, Robert E. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. ISBN 978-609-437-263-6.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mažiulis, Vytautas (1981). "Apie senovės vakarų baltus bei jų santykius su slavais, ilirais ir germanais". Iš lietuvių etnogenezės (in lietuvių). Vilnius: Mokslas.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vääri, Eduard (n.d.). "Eestlaste tutvumine hõ imurahvastega ja nende keeltega kuni 1918". suri.ee (in eesti). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nikitenka, Denisas (2018). Pilsoto žemės pilys [The earth castles of Pilsāts] (in lietuvių). Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejus. ISBN 9789986315056.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schmid, Wolfgang P. (1962). "Zu Simon Grunaus Vaterunser" [On Simon Grunau's Lord's Prayer]. Indogermanische Forschungen (in Deutsch) (67). Berlin: 261–273.

Literature

  • Ambrassat, August "Die Provinz Ostpreußen", Frankfurt/ Main 1912
  • Endzelin, J.: Über die Nationalität und Sprache der Kuren, in Finnisch-Ungarische Forschungen, XII, 1912
  • Gaerte, Wilhelm "Urgeschichte Ostpreussens", Königsberg 1929
  • Gimbutas, Marija "Die Balten", München-Berlin 1983
  • Kurschat, Heinrich A.: Das Buch vom Memelland, Siebert Oldenburg 1968
  • Kwauka, Paul, Pietsch, Richard: Kurisches Wörterbuch, Verlag Ulrich Camen Berlin, 1977, Template:ISBN
  • Kwauka, Paul: Namen des Memellandes/ Unsere „fremdartigen“ Familiennamen, Archiv AdM, Oldenburg
  • Lepa, Gerhard (Hrsg) "Die Schalauer", Tolkemita-Texte Dieburg 1997
  • Mortensen, Hans und Gertrud "Die Besiedlung des nordöstlichen Ostpreußens bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts", Leipzig 1938
  • Mortensen, Hans und Gertrud: Kants väterliche Ahnen und ihre Umwelt, Rede von 1952 in Jahrbuch der Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg / Pr., Holzner- Verlag Kitzingen/ Main 1953 Bd. 3
  • Peteraitis, Vilius: Mažoji Lietuva ir Tvanksta (Lithuania Minor and Tvanksta) Vilnius 1992
  • Pietsch, Richard (künstlerischer Entwurf und Text): Bildkarte rund um das Kurische Haff, Heimat-Buchdienst Georg Banszerus, Höxter, Herstellung: Neue Stalling, Oldenburg
  • Pietsch, Richard: Deutsch-Kurisches Wörterbuch, Verlag Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk Lüneburg 1991, Template:ISBN
  • Pietsch, Richard: Fischerleben auf der Kurischen Nehrung dargestellt in kurischer und deutscher Sprache, Verlag Ulrich Camen Berlin 1982
  • Schmid, Wolfgang P. (Hrg): Nehrungskurisch, Sprachhistorische und instrumentalphonetische Studien zu einem aussterbenden Dialekt, Stuttgart 1989
  • Schmid, Wolfgang P.: Das Nehrungskurische, ein sprachhistorischer Überblick
  • Tolksdorf, Ulrich "Fischerei und Fischerkultur in Ostpreußen", Heide/ Holstein 1991
  • Žadeikiene, Daiva, Krajinskas, Albertas: Kurenkahnwimpel, Template:ISBN

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