Cyathea

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Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.

The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.

Description

The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.[citation needed]

The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.[citation needed]

Classification

Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[4] In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[5] Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[6][7]

Species

As of July 2021, World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[8]

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Extinct species

File:Cyathea inequilateralis SRIC img2.jpg
Eocene Cyathea inequilateralis Chuckanut Formation, Washington

References

File:Dried Cyathea podophylla.jpg
Dried Cyathea podophylla.

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith; Rothwell; Stockey, S.Y., G.W., R.A. (2003). "Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae), anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia". American Journal of Botany. 90 (5): 755–760. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.5.755. PMID 21659172.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Regional stratigraphic table of northern China, Nei Monggol". Geological Publishing House. 1978.
  3. ^ Cyathea Sm. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Conant, D.S.; Raubeson, L.A.; Attwood, D.K.; Perera, S.; Zimmer, E.A.; Sweere, J.A.; Stein, D.B. (1996). "Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae". In Camus, J.M.; Gibby, M.; Johns, R.J. (eds.). Pteridology in perspective. Kew, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 231–248. ISBN 9781900347099.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. Bibcode:2016JSyEv..54..563.. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  6. ^ Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004). Template:ISBN
  7. ^ Cnemidaria world species list
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hassler, Michael (2004–2021), "Genus Cyathea J.E.Sm.", World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3, retrieved 2021-07-25

Notes

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Bibliography

  • Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
  • Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
  • Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.
  • The International Plant Names Index

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