Cymopterus
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Cymopterus is a genus of perennial plants in the family Apiaceae native to western North America. They are commonly known as the spring parsleys[2] and are edible. They are mostly stemless, taprooted perennial herbs with leaves at ground level and flowering scapes bearing yellow, white, or purple flowers.[3]
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of this genus was described as confused in 2004, even after many decades of study.[4] Authors have organized it in different ways, sometimes including several closely related Apiaceae genera within it.[4] Genera recently segregated from Cymopterus include Vesper, six plants with morphological characters that are well-defined and easily separated from Cymopterus; the group has been separated before, but was reintegrated during repeated reorganizations of the genus.[5] The number of accepted species has varied between about 50[3] to about 35.[6][1]
The genus was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1819.[1]
Species
Plants of the World Online lists 42 accepted species:[1]
- Cymopterus aboriginum M.E.Jones – Indian parsnip, Indian springparsley
- Cymopterus alpinus A.Gray
- Cymopterus basalticus M.E.Jones – basalt springparsley
- Cymopterus beckii S.L.Welsh & Goodrich – featherleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus cinerarius A.Gray – gray springparsley
- Cymopterus corrugatus M.E.Jones
- Cymopterus coulteri (M.E.Jones) Mathias
- Cymopterus crawfordensis K.Moon, S.L.Welsh & Goodrich
- Cymopterus davidsonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) R.L.Hartm.
- Cymopterus davisii R.L.Hartm. – Davis' springparsley
- Cymopterus deserticola Brandegee – desert springparsley
- Cymopterus douglassii R.L.Hartm. & Constance – Douglass' springparsley
- Cymopterus duchesnensis M.E.Jones – Duchesne biscuitroot, Uinta Basin springparsley
- Cymopterus evertii R.L.Hartm. & R.S.Kirkp. – Evert's springparsley
- Cymopterus gilmanii C.V.Morton – Gilman's springparsley
- Cymopterus glaucus Nutt. – smooth springparsley, waxy springparsley
- Cymopterus globosus (S.Watson) S.Watson – globe springparsley
- Cymopterus glomeratus (Nutt.) DC. – plains springparsley
- Cymopterus goodrichii S.L.Welsh & Neese – Goodrich's springparsley, Toiyabe springparsley
- Cymopterus hendersonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Cronquist
- Cymopterus ibapensis M.E.Jones
- Cymopterus jonesii J.M.Coult. & Rose – Jones' springparsley
- Cymopterus lapidosus (M.E.Jones) M.E.Jones
- Cymopterus lemmonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Dorn
- Cymopterus longilobus (Rydb.) W.A.Weber
- Cymopterus longipes S.Watson – longstalk springparsley, sprawling springparsley
- Cymopterus longiradiatus (Mathias, Constance & W.L.Theob.) B.L.Turner
- Cymopterus macdougalii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Tidestr.
- Cymopterus megacephalus M.E.Jones – largeleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus minimus (Mathias) Mathias – Cedar Breaks springparsley
- Cymopterus newberryi (S.Watson) M.E.Jones – sweetroot springparsley, sticky springparsley
- Cymopterus nivalis S.Watson – snowline springparsley, Elko springparsley
- Cymopterus panamintensis J.M.Coult. & Rose – Panamint springparsley
- Cymopterus petraeus M.E.Jones
- Cymopterus purpureus S.Watson – purple springparsley, Colorado Plateau springparsley, variable springparsley
- Cymopterus ripleyi Barneby – Ripley's springparsley
- Cymopterus rosei (M.E.Jones ex J.M.Coult. & Rose) M.E.Jones – Rose's springparsley
- Cymopterus sessiliflorus (W.L.Theob. & C.C.Tseng) R.L.Hartm.
- Cymopterus spellenbergii R.L.Hartm. & J.E.Larson
- Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) Torr. & A.Gray – turpentine wavewing
- Cymopterus trotteri (S.L.Welsh & Goodrich) Cronquist
- Cymopterus williamsii R.L.Hartm. & Constance – Williams' springparsley
Formerly included here
- Oreoxis bakeri (as Cymopterus bakeri)[7]
- Oreoxis humilis (as Cymopterus humilis)[8]
- Vesper multinervatus (as Cymopterus multinervatus)[9]
- Vesper purpurascens (as Cymopterus purpurascens)[10]
References
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- ^ a b c d Template:Cite POWO
- ^ Cymopterus. USDA PLANTS.
- ^ a b Cymopterus. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- ^ a b Sun, F. and S. R. Downie. (2004). A molecular systematic investigation of Cymopterus and its allies (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rps16 intron) DNA sequences. South African Journal of Botany 70(3), 407-16.
- ^ Hartman, R. L. and G. L. Nesom. (2012). Taxonomy of the genus Vesper (Apiaceae). Phytoneuron 94 1-9.
- ^ Downie, S. R., et al. (2002). Polyphyly of the spring-parsleys (Cymopterus): molecular and morphological evidence suggests complex relationships among the perennial endemic genera of western North American Apiaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 80(12), 1295-1324.
- ^ Template:Cite POWO
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Further reading
- Sun, F. J. and S. R. Downie. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships among the perennial, endemic Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae of western North America: additional data from the cpDNA trnF-trnL-trnT region continue to support a highly polyphyletic Cymopterus. Plant Diversity and Evolution 128(1-2), 151-72.
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