Derzhprom

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Derzhprom
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Aerial view in 2020
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General information
Typeoffice, conference
Architectural styleConstructivism
LocationTemplate:Csv
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Construction started1925
Inaugurated7 November 1928
Cost14,176,000 UAK
Height
Antenna spire108 m (354 ft)
Roof63 m (207 ft)
Technical details
Floor count13
Floor area60,000 m2 (650,000 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators12
Design and construction
ArchitectTemplate:Pluralize from textSergei Serafimov, Samuel Kravets and Mark Felger
DeveloperEconomic Council of the USSR
EngineerPavlo Rottert
Website
https://www.derzhprom.kh.ua/
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Official name
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(House of State Industry (DERZHPROM))
TypeArchitecture, Urban Planning
Reference no.200031
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The Derzhprom (Template:Langx) or Gosprom (Template:Langx) building is an office building located on Freedom Square in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Built in the Constructivist style, it was the first modern skyscraper building in the Soviet Union upon its completion in 1928.[1] Its name is an abbreviation of two words that, taken together, mean State Industry. In English the structure is known as the State Industry Building or the Palace of Industry.

Derzhprom takes its place as a unique phenomenon of world architecture among the various structures that represent the modernist architecture of the first half of the 20th century, which are already on the UNESCO World Heritage List or the Tentative List.[2]

On 28 October 2024, Derzhprom was bombed by Russia, sustaining significant damage.

History

File:Palace of industry.jpg
The Derzhprom building in the late 1920s.
File:Gosprom to Build 1925.jpg
Construction of the Derzhprom building (c. 1925).

The grand opening of the "first Soviet skyscraper" took place on 7 November 1928.[3]

The building was one of a few showcase projects designed when Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian SSR. It was built by the architects Sergei Serafimov, Samuel Kravets and Mark Felger in only three years.[4] Upon completion in 1928 it was the most spacious single structure in the world, and was not surpassed until the 1930s. Its unique feature lies in the symmetry which can only be sensed at one point, in the centre of the square.[citation needed]

The use of concrete in its construction and the system of overhead walkways and individual interlinked towers made the building extremely innovative.[5] Derzhprom's offices and other rooms featured advanced technology such as air conditioning, electrical lighting, and radio points, and the building housed Ukraine's first garbage chute system.[4] The critic Reyner Banham in his Theory and Design in the First Machine Age regarded the building as one of the major architectural achievements of the 1920s, comparable in scale only to the Dessau Bauhaus and the Van Nelle Factory in Rotterdam.[6] This allowed the structure to survive any destruction attempts during the Second World War,[citation needed] although it was damaged on the inside from explosions.[7]

In the spring of 1926, it was decided to close the construction due to financial difficulties. Then the head of construction of the State Industry, Pavlo Rottert, left for Moscow, where he managed to find support for the construction from Felix Dzerzhinsky. In March 1926, he returned to build a skyscraper, and in August 1926 it was decided to finance the construction on an extraordinary basis.[8]

The Derzhprom complex was used as a symbol of modernity in films such as Dziga Vertov's Three Songs about Lenin and Sergei Eisenstein's The General Line. The building's notability was overshadowed following the moving of the Ukrainian capital to Kyiv in 1934, the later denunciation of Constructivism in favour of Stalinist architecture, and the Second World War. Derzhprom housed the Council of People's Commissars as well as numerous government departments when Kharkiv was the capital. Since the 1950s, one of its towers was used as a television centre and a TV relay tower was built on its roof.[3]

The building was placed under in the tentative UNESCO World Heritage list in 2017[9] and was placed under provisional enhanced protection by UNESCO in 2022.[10]

File:Attack on Derzhprom, 28 October 2024 (40).jpg
After the strike in 2024

During the Russo-Ukrainian war, Derzhprom was hit by a Russian guided bomb on 28 October 2024, believed to be of the FAB-500 model,[9] causing significant damage and nine injuries.[11][12][10] As the result, the mayor of Kharkiv Ihor Terekhov and the Bureau of UNESCO in Ukraine have initiated an accelerated procedure of nominating the Freedom Square ensemble (including Derzhprom) to the World Heritage list.[13]

Architecture

File:Panorama of Derzhprom Building - Kharkiv (Kharkov) - Ukraine - 01 (43963740521).jpg
Panorama of the Derzhprom building in 2018.
File:Facade of Derzhprom Building - Kharkiv (Kharkov) - Ukraine - 03 (30095271458).jpg
Façade of the Derzhprom building in 2018.

Derzhprom is a symbol of Kharkiv as an industrial, modern and big city.[14]

The architecture of Derzhprom relates to international Constructivism, its forms are industrial.[15] The house has a high aesthetic potential and functionality; its construction is compared to a "communication leap". In the 1920s, such architecture was a novelty not only in Europe but also around the world.[16]

Architectural functionalism includes the following functions:

  • Utilitarian – a place for industrial management activities in Ukraine.
  • Ideological – the disclosure of the idea of industrialization as a progressive phenomenon.
  • Social – a spacious center of the new Kharkiv, a socially significant object of government, a place of mass events such as holidays and demonstrations.
  • Symbolic – "organized world", a symbol of a new era and of industrialization.
  • Compositional – dominance in the spatial structure of the city; connecting the spaces of the square and the city; demarcation of the square and the city (at the level of the square).
  • Symatic – laconic forms that lead to archetypal schemes; inclusion in the symbolism of the landscape.

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The First Soviet Skyscraper". Archived from the original on 7 August 2007.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Derzhprom (The State Industry Building)". World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vechersky, Victor (5 April 2022). Держпром у Харкові [Derzhprom in Kharkiv]. Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia (in українська). Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shvydenko, O. O. (2021). ДЕРЖПРОМ, Будинок державної промисловості [DERZHPROM, the Building of State Industry]. In Smoliy, Valeriy (ed.). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine (in українська). Vol. 1 (supplementary). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. Archived from the original on 4 June 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.ua_archi (13 November 2009). "Госпром". Україна. Архітектура. Історія. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  6. ^ (Architectural Press 1972, p. 297).
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Держпром — найвідоміша конструктивістська будівля та символ Харкова, що двічі був ушкоджений російською авіабомбою [Derzhprom—the most famous Constructivist building and a symbol of Kharkiv, which was damaged twice by Russian aerial bombing]. Suspilne Kultura (in українська). 8 November 2024. Archived from the original on 14 April 2026. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shuvalova, E.A.; Nuriddinov, K.K.; Hovakimyan, S.S. (2019). "Waste wood-based building materials". Conference Materials. LJournal. doi:10.18411/sr-10-06-2019-25.
  9. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elsa Court (30 October 2024). "Kharkiv's historic Derzhprom skyscraper becomes latest victim of Russian bombardments". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  10. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kateryna Hodunova; Olena Goncharova (29 October 2024). "UPDATED: Russia's attack on Kharkiv injures 9, damages historic landmark". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Навіть Гітлер не зруйнував: у Харкові "приліт" по будівлі Держпрому (фото, відео)". ТСН.ua (in українська). 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Murray, Warren (29 October 2024). "Ukraine war briefing: Bomb shatters historic landmark in Kharkiv". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Koloniei, Dmytro (4 November 2024). ЮНЕСКО допоможе відновити будівлю Держпрому у Харкові [UNESCO will help restore the building of Derzhprom in Kharkiv]. Infocity. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Госпром – символ Харькова и символ стиля". galinaaksyenova.livejournal.com. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Госпром – символ Харькова. Есть ли у него будущее". vecherniy.kharkov.ua. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.В.в, Бородин (13 August 2007). "Системы показателей, используемые для оценки финансово – хозяйственной деятельности туристских организаций". Наука: теория и практика. 2 (2007).[permanent dead link]

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