Duru languages
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| Duru | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northern Cameroon, eastern Nigeria |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo? |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | samb1323 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.
Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and Central Gur languages.[1]
Languages
- Duli (extinct)
- Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
- Peere (Kutin)
- Longto (Voko)
- Vere–Dowayo
However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.[2]
Classification
In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also Leko languages).[3]
- Samba-Duru
- Vere (Verre)[4]
- Jango (Mom Jango)[5]
- Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
- Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
- Nissim-Eilim
- Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
- Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
- Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
- Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
- Gəmme (Gimme) (Koma)[6]
- Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
- Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
- Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ):[7] Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
- Duru
- Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[9]
| Language | Cluster | Dialects | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Speakers | Location(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mom Jango | Mom Jango | Vere (see also Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Momĩ, 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Fufore LGA | ||||
| Momi | Ziri | Vere (this also includes Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Mom Jango), 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Yola and Fufore LGAs; and in Cameroon | ||||
| Koma cluster | Koma | The correspondences between the Cameroonian and Nigerian names are uncertain | Kuma, Koma (a Fulfulde cover term for Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM treats them as separate though closely related languages) | 3,000 (1982 SIL); majority in Cameroon | Adamawa State, Ganye and Fufore LGAs, in the Alantika Mountains; also in Cameroon | |||
| Gomme | Koma | Gәmme | Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe | |||||
| Gomnome | Koma | Gọmnọme | Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo | |||||
| Ndera | Koma | Vomni, Doome, Doobe |
Footnotes
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- ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. S2CID 133888593.
- ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. Samba-Duru group. Adamawa Languages Project.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."VERE Language Group" (PDF). blogs.uni-mainz.de. 2015. Retrieved 27 Oct 2025.
- ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Notes on Jango (Mom Jango).
- ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists.
- ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Doyayo.
- ^ Littig, Sabine (2017). Kolbila: Geography and history.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
References
- Roger Blench, 2004. List of Adamawa languages (ms)
External links
- Samba-Duru (Adamawa Languages Project)
Template:Adamawa languages Template:Niger-Congo branches
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