Economy of Chad

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Economy of Chad
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A tailor in Chad
CurrencyCentral African CFA franc (XAF)
Calendar year
Trade organisations
AU, AfCFTA, WTO
Statistics
GDPPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
GDP rankPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
GDP growth
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GDP per capita
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GDP per capita rank
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GDP by sector
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4.037% (2018 est.)[2]
Population below poverty line
66.2% (2019 est.)
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Labour force
7.300 million (2018)
Labour force by occupation
agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing); industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
Main industries
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
External
Exports$1.695 billion (2018 est.)
Export goods
oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
Main export partners
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Imports$2.262 billion (2019 est.)
Import goods
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Main import partners
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FDI stock
$567 million (2019 est.)
$3.569 billion (2019 est.)
Public finances
$147.7 million (2019 est.)
Revenues$2.501 billion (2011 est.)
Expenses$3.482 billion (2011 est.)
Economic aid$238.3 million (recipient) note – $125 million committed by Taiwan (1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001)
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Chad has a developing economy. It suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding.[7] Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and then operated by ExxonMobil until 2023, when it was nationalized and put under control of the Chadian government.[8] Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

Agriculture

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In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[11]

Other statistics

GDP: purchasing power parity – $28.62 billion (2017 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: -3.1% (2017 est.)

GDP – per capita: $2,300 (2017 est.)

Gross national saving: 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 52.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 14.7% (2017 est.)
services: 33.1% (2017 est.)

Population below poverty line:: 46.7% (2011 est.)

Distribution of family income – Gini index: 43.3 (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.9% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 5.654 million (2017 est.)

Labor force – by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2006 est.)

Budget:
revenues: 1.337 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 1.481 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: -4% (2017 est.)

electrification: total population: 4% (2013)

electrification: urban areas: 14% (2013)

electrification: rural areas: 1% (2013)

Electricity – production: 224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: ~98%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other renewable: ~3% (2017)

Electricity – consumption: 208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Agriculture – products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Exports: $2.464 billion (2017 est.)

Exports – commodities: oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

Exports – partners: US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)

Imports: $2.16 billion (2017 est.)

Imports – commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports – partners: China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)

Debt – external: $1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)

Macro-economic trend

The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024. Inflation below 5% is in green.[12]

Year GDP

(in bn. US$ PPP)

GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

GDP

(in bn. US$ nominal)

GDP Growth
(real) 		Inflation

rate

Government debt
(Percentage of GDP)
1980 2.3 502 1.0 Decrease -6.0% Negative increase8.6% n/a
1985 Increase3.6 Increase709 Increase1.3 Increase7.9% Negative increase5.1% n/a
1990 Increase5.2 Increase879 Increase2.4 Increase3.2% Increase0.5% n/a
1995 Increase6.9 Increase977 Decrease2.1 Decrease -0.8% Negative increase5.4% n/a
2000 Increase8.5 Increase1012 Decrease2.0 Decrease -0.9% Increase3.8% Negative increase52.4%
2005 Increase18.9 Increase1875 Increase8.7 Increase7.5% Increase4.4% Positive decrease22%
2006 Increase19.4 Decrease1857 Increase9.7 Decrease -0.5% Negative increase9.6% Positive decrease20.1%
2007 Increase20.8 Increase1924 Increase10.9 Increase4.4% Increase -7.4% Positive decrease17.6%
2008 Increase21.9 Increase1955 Increase13.4 Increase3.1% Negative increase8.3% Positive decrease15.7%
2009 Decrease21.7 Decrease1878 Decrease12.3 Decrease -1.3% Negative increase10.1% Negative increase23.9%
2010 Increase25.0 Increase2092 Increase14.1 Increase13.8% Increase -2.1% Positive decrease22.9%
2011 Increase26.7 Increase2159 Increase16.7 Increase4.6% Increase2% Positive decrease22.3%
2012 Increase29.6 Increase2315 Increase17.9 Increase8.9% Negative increase7.5% Positive decrease20%
2013 Increase31.0 Increase2344 Steady17.9 Increase2.9% Increase0.2% Negative increase22.3%
2014 Increase32.3 Increase2360 Increase18.2 Increase2.3% Increase -5.5% Negative increase29.4%
2015 Increase33.6 Increase2380 Decrease14.6 Increase3.2% Increase4.8% Negative increase31.3%
2016 Decrease32.7 Decrease2243 Decrease13.1 Decrease -3.7% Increase -1.6% Negative increase40.2%
2017 Decrease32.6 Decrease2168 Increase13.3 Decrease -2.1% Increase -0.9% Positive decrease39.1%
2018 Increase35.6 Increase2301 Increase15.2 Increase5.2% Increase4% Positive decrease33.8%
2019 Increase39.0 Increase2446 Decrease14.8 Increase5.9% Increase -1% Negative increase38.4%
2020 Decrease37.3 Decrease2270 Steady14.8 Steady 0.0% Increase -2.7% Negative increase41.6%
2021 Increase43.7 Increase2581 Increase17.0 Increase 2.0% Increase -0.8% Negative increase41.7%
2022 Increase48.9 Increase2810 Increase18.1 Increase4.7% Negative increase5.8% Positive decrease32.1%
2023 Increase53.3 Increase2973 Increase18.6 Increase5.0% Increase4.1% Negative increase32.2%
2024 Increase57.3 Increase3110 Increase20.7 Increase5.0% Negative increase5.7% Positive decrease31.4%
2025 Increase62.3 Increase3284 Increase22.1 Increase5.6% Increase -2.6% Positive decrease30.4%
2026 Increase67.4 Increase3458 Increase25.6 Increase5.2% Increase0.5% Positive decrease29.9%

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."IMF DataMapper: Chad". International Monetary Fund. 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Human Development Index (HDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Export Partners of Chad". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Import Partners of Chad". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chad - Agricultural Sectors". International Trade Administration. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chad says it has nationalised all assets owned by Exxon Mobil". Al Jazeera. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Yam production and top producing countries". 17 March 2025.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chad Production". ipad.fas.usda.gov. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chad". www.imf.org. Retrieved 24 April 2026.
General
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