Ellobiidae

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File:Ellobium pyramidale-2.jpg
Drawing of shells of Ellobium pyramidale.

Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.[1] Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[3]

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).[4]

They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole adheres to the substrate and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part.[5]

Taxonomy

Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae.[2] These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae.[2]

The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):[3]

The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, of which 250 are likely to be valid.[2]

A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011)[6] for the Ellobioidea suggests a monophyletic origin of the entire group.[2]

Genera

Genera within the family Ellobiidae include:

subfamily Ellobiinae

subfamily Carychiinae

subfamily Melampinae

subfamily Pedipedinae

subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925

† subfamily Zaptychiinae

  • † Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 - type genus of the subfamily
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  • Apodosis Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949 synonym of Leuconopsis F. W. Hutton, 1883 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
  • Auriculodes Strand, 1928: synonym of Ellobium (Auriculodes) Strand, 1928 represented as Ellobium Röding, 1798
  • Auriculus Montfort, 1810 synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798 (unjustified emendation of Auricula)
  • Autonoe Guppy, 1868 synonym of Ellobium (Auriculodes) Strand, 1928 represented as Ellobium Röding, 1798 (junior homonym of Autonoe Leach, 1852 [Bivalvia]; Autonoella Wenz, 1947, is a replacement name)
  • Cassidulus Beck, 1838 synonym of Cassidula A. Férussac, 1821 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Cassidula Férussac, 1821, and also junior homonym of Cassidulus Lamarck, 1801 [Echinodermata])
  • Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
  • Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895 synonym of Auriculastra E. von Martens, 1880
  • Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840: synonym of Melampus (Detracia) Gray, 1840 represented as Melampus Montfort, 1810
  • Geovula Swainson, 1840 synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798 (junior objective synonym)
  • Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  • Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  • Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  • Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
  • Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
  • Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
  • Maripythia Iredale, 1936: synonym of Marinula P. P. King, 1832 (unavailable name: no description)
  • Melosidula B. J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979: synonym of Cassidula (Cassidula) A. Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
  • Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  • Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
  • Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
  • Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  • Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
  • Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840: synonym of Cassidula A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Sidula J. E. Gray, 1840: synonym of Cassidula A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus (Detracia) Gray, 1840 represented as Melampus Montfort, 1810 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Volatela Starobogatov, 1993: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
Taxonomic note

Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

Ecology

The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats.[2]

These are mostly snails that live in salt marshes and similar maritime habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.

References

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  1. ^ a b Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=198 on 2012-08-19
  2. ^ a b c d e f Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 18. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".File:Creative Commons by small.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 2.0 license.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  4. ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, Template:ISBN. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Herbert,dai and, Kilburn, Dick (2004). Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Scottsville, South Africa: Natal Museum. p. 98. ISBN 0-620-32415-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Dayrat B., Conrad M., Balayan S., White T. R., Albrecht C., Golding R., Gomes S., Harasewych M. G., de Frias Martins A. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 425-437. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..

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