Equus scotti
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| A mounted skeleton of Equus scotti at the AMNH, constructed out of two skeletons | |
Scientific classification 
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| Binomial name | |
| †Template:Taxon italics Gidley, 1900
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| Synonyms | |
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†Equus bautistensis | |
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Equus scotti (translated from Latin as Scott's horse,[1] named after vertebrate paleontologist William Berryman Scott) is an extinct species of horse native to Pleistocene North America.[2]
Evolution
Equus scotti is a true caballine horse that is more closely related to modern horses (Equus caballus and Equus ferus) than to zebras and asses. The taxonomy of North American Pleistocene caballine "stout legged" horses (as opposed to the "stilt legged" equines of the genus Haringtonhippus which they coexisted with) is highly convoluted and controversial, with numerous named species including Equus lambei, Equus niobarensis, Equus occidentalis and Equus conversidens (among many others), that may in reality represent a few or only one true species.[3](including supplemental material) Although it has been suggested that Equus scotti and other North American caballine horses may be synonymous with living Eurasian Equus ferus,[3](including supplemental material) ancient DNA indicates that North American horses are genetically distinct from their Eurasian counterparts, having diverged from them around 800,000 years ago, following the first dispersal of horses out of North America, with some interbreeding after the initial split.[4]
The earliest remains of the species are known from the late Blancan during the Early Pleistocene. The youngest remains of the species date to the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) around 12,000 years ago.[3]
Distribution
Paleontological excavations have identified the locations of numerous places where E. scotti occurred. The species was named from Rock Creek, Texas, United States, where multiple skeletons were recovered. A closely related fossil find was made of Equus bautistensis in California; this species appeared closely related, but of a slightly more primitive form than E. scotti.[5] However, E. bautistensis was redefined as a junior synonym of E. scotti in 1998 by paleontologist E. Scott,[6] who also assigned fossils from the Anza-Borrego Desert in California, tentatively interpreted to represent E. bautistensis, to E. scotti.[7]
The distribution of the species includes: "Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan and Yukon (Canada) and in California, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas (United States)".[3]
See also
References
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- ^ Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.C. R. Harington and Donna Naughton (2003) Annotated Bibliography of Quaternary Vertebrates of Northern North America: With Radiocarbon Dates, University of Toronto Press, 539 pages Template:ISBN
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Paleobiology Database". Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cirilli, Omar; Machado, Helena; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.; Davis, Edward; Jass, Christopher N.; Jukar, Advait M.; Landry, Zoe; Marín-Leyva, Alejandro H.; Pandolfi, Luca; Pushkina, Diana; Rook, Lorenzo; Saarinen, Juha; Scott, Eric; Semprebon, Gina (2022-08-24). "Evolution of the Family Equidae, Subfamily Equinae, in North, Central and South America, Eurasia and Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene". Biology. 11 (9): 1258. doi:10.3390/biology11091258. ISSN 2079-7737. PMC 9495906. PMID 36138737.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vershinina, Alisa O.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Froese, Duane G.; Zazula, Grant; Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly; Dalén, Love; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Dunn, Shelby G.; Ermini, Luca; Gamba, Cristina; Groves, Pamela; Kapp, Joshua D.; Mann, Daniel H.; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Southon, John (December 2021). "Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 30 (23): 6144–6161. Bibcode:2021MolEc..30.6144V. doi:10.1111/mec.15977. hdl:10037/24463. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 33971056. S2CID 234360028.
- ^ Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Childs Frick (1921) Extinct Vertebrate Faunas of the Badlands of Bautista Creek and San Timoteo Cañon, Southern California, University of California Press, 424 pages
- ^ Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Eric Scott (1998) Equus scotti from southern California, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3): 76-A
- ^ Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Eric Scott (2006) Extinct horses and their relatives, Fossil Treasures of the Anza-Borrego Desert: the Last Seven Million Years, ed. G.T. Jefferson and L. Lindsey, Sunbelt Publications, p. 253 – 271
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