Erica Chenoweth

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Erica Chenoweth (born April 22, 1980) is an American political scientist and professor of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. They are known for their research work on nonviolent civil resistance movements.[1]

Education

Chenoweth received their Bachelor of Arts at the University of Dayton, followed by an Master of Arts and a Ph.D. from the University of Colorado at Boulder. They previously taught at Wesleyan University until 2012 and completed postdoctoral fellowships at Harvard University and the University of Maryland.[2] Chenoweth joined the University of Denver faculty in 2012[3] and the Harvard faculty in 2018.

Career

Between 2012 and 2018, Chenoweth was professor at the University of Denver. They were a faculty member and PhD program co-director at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies.[2] They also directed the university's Program on Terrorism and Insurgency Research. They were also a researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).

Since 2018, Chenoweth has been a professor of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study of Harvard University.

In 2023, Chenoweth became the first openly non-binary faculty dean at Harvard University.[4]

Work

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External videos
video icon "Erica Chenoweth - Why Civil Resistance Works: Nonviolence in the Past and Future", Dartmouth College

Together with Maria J. Stephan, who was then at the U.S. Department of State, Chenoweth co-wrote the book Why Civil Resistance Works. Chenoweth and Stephan organized an international team of scholars in identifying all the major violent and nonviolent governmental change efforts of the twentieth century.[5] They translated the results into a theory of civil resistance and its success rate for political change compared to violent resistance.[6]

Their team compared over 200 violent revolutions and over 100 nonviolent campaigns. Their data shows that 26% of the violent revolutions were successful, while 53% of the nonviolent campaigns succeeded.[5] Moreover, looking at change in democracy (Polity IV scores) suggest that nonviolence promotes democracy while violence promotes tyranny.

Chenoweth coined the "3.5% rule" to describe the fact that in the research data set, every campaign that got active participation from at least 3.5 percent of the population succeeded, and many succeeded with less.[1][5][7] All the campaigns that achieved that threshold were nonviolent; no violent campaign achieved that threshold.[8]

Their research work on nonviolent civil resistance inspired the movement Extinction Rebellion.[1][9][10]

In their 2020 essay, The Future of Nonviolent Resistance, Chenoweth argued that nonviolent protest movements in the 2010s were more common than in previous decades but statistically showed less effectiveness compared to earlier movements. Chenoweth listed the four factors of successful movements that they judged to have been less common in the 2010s movements as: "careful planning, organization, training, and coalition-building prior to mass mobilization" as opposed to protests occurring first; momentum in "grow[ing] in size and diversity" and using techniques such as strikes and civil disobedience; inclusion of a non-internet component to organising; and "strategies for maintaining unity and discipline" in rejecting the use of violent tactics. Their point of view was optimistic about the future of protest movements, stating that protests during the COVID-19 pandemic were "updating and renewing the outdated playbook" of "rely[ing] exclusively on protest" and instead "building resilient coalitions with a greater capacity for bringing about lasting transformation."[11]

As of January 2025, Chenoweth serves as director of the Nonviolent Action Lab at Harvard's Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation.[12]

In 2017 Chenoweth cofounded, with Jeremy Pressman, the Crowd Counting Consortium. The Crowd Counting Consortium was created after Chenoweth and their colleagues noticed an interest in documenting crowds, such as protests or other movements.[13]

Awards

In 2012, Why Civil Resistance Works won the American Political Science Association's Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award for "the best book published in the U.S. during the previous calendar year on government, politics, or international affairs."[14]

Chenoweth, along with Stephan, also won the 2013 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Ideas for Improving the World Order.[15] Past winners of this award include Mikhail Gorbachev and Robert Keohane.[16]

In December 2013, Foreign Policy named Chenoweth one of the Top 100 Global Thinkers of the year "for proving Gandhi right," noting their work on providing evidence for the efficacy of nonviolent political movements.[17] In 2013, Erica also won the Karl Deutsch Award (International Relations) for being "judged to have made the most significant contribution to the study of International Relations and Peace Research by the means of publication."[18]

Chenoweth was also awarded the International Studies Association award for "Best Group Blog of the Year" for the blog Violence @ a Glance, which they founded with Barbara F. Walter.[citation needed]

Publications

Books

Articles

  • The resistance reaches into Trump country, Waging Nonviolence, October 16, 2025 (co-authored with Soha Hammam, Jeremy Pressman, and Christopher Wiley Shay)[20]
  • American Spring? How nonviolent protest in the US is accelerating, Waging Nonviolence, June 12, 2025 (co-authored with Soha Hammam, Jeremy Pressman, and Christopher Wiley Shay)[21]
  • The resistance is alive and well – and our research shows it, The Guardian, March 28, 2025 (co-authored with Jeremy Pressman and Soha Hammam)[22]
  • Protests in the United States on Palestine and Israel, 2023–2024, Social Movement Studies, 2024 (co-authored with Soha Hammam, Jeremy Pressman, and Jay Ulfelder)[23]
  • Protests under Trump, 2017–2021, Mobilization, 2022 (co-authored with Jeremy Pressman, Tommy Leung, L. Nathan Perkins, and Jay Ulfelder) [24]
  • This is what we learned by counting the women’s marches, Washington Post, February 7, 2017 (co-authored with Jeremy Pressman)[26]

Ukrainian translation:

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Editorial (21 October 2019). "The Guardian view on Extinction Rebellion: numbers alone won't create change". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2019..
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Erica Chenoweth Faculty Page". du.edu/korbel. University of Denver. Retrieved 1 Nov 2012.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Another Honor for the University of Denver's Erica Chenoweth". WIAReport. Women in Academia Report. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Turner, Sami E. (June 25, 2023). "Looking Back and Ahead at Harvard's LGBTQ+ Faculty Deans". The Harvard Crimson.
  5. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.David Robson (14 May 2019). "The '3.5% rule': How a small minority can change the world". BBC. Retrieved 13 November 2019..
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Success of Nonviolent Revolution". Academic Minute. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Erica Chenoweth (1 February 2017). "It may only take 3.5% of the population to topple a dictator – with civil resistance". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2019..
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica (2013-11-04). "My Talk at TEDxBoulder: Civil Resistance and the "3.5% Rule"". RationalInsurgent.org. Rational Insurgent. Archived from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Roger Hallam (1 May 2019). "Now we know: conventional campaigning won't prevent our extinction". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2019..
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Matthews, Kyle R. (2021-11-29). "Social movements and the (mis)use of research: Extinction Rebellion and the 3.5% rule". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  11. ^ Template:Cite Q
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Charpentier, Joe (21 Jan 2025). "Bates College students told nonviolence still key to social change". Portland Press Herald.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Crowd Counting Consortium". Ash Center. 2025-08-15. Retrieved 2025-09-16.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2012 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award Recipient". Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award. American Political Science Association. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pair win world order prize for civil resistance study". The Grawemeyer Awards. University of Louisville. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Previous Winners - University Of Louisville Grawemeyer Award For Ideas Improving World Order". The Grawemeyer Awards. University of Louisville. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Erica Chenoweth: For proving Gandhi right". Foreign Policy. December 2013. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Erica Chenoweth Receives Karl Deutsch Award – Peace Research Institute Oslo".
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beck, Colin J.; Bukovansky, Mlada; Chenoweth, Erica; Lawson, George; Nepstad, Sharon Erickson; Ritter, Daniel P. (2022-05-27). On Revolutions: Unruly Politics in the Contemporary World (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197638354.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-763835-4.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica; Hammam, Soha; Pressman, Jeremy; Shay, Christopher (2025-10-16). "The resistance reaches into Trump country". Waging Nonviolence.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica; Hammam, Soha; Pressman, Jeremy; Shay, Christopher (2025-06-12). "American Spring? How nonviolent protest in the US is accelerating". Waging Nonviolence.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica; Pressman, Jeremy; Hammam, Soha (2025-03-28). "The resistance is alive and well – and our research shows it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2025-04-16. Retrieved 2025-04-15.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica; Hammam, Soha; Pressman, Jeremy; Ulfelder, Jay (2024). "Protests in the United States on Palestine and Israel, 2023–2024". Social Movement Studies.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pressman, Jeremy; Chenoweth, Erica; Leung, Tommy; Perkins, L. Nathan; Ulfelder, Jay (2022). "Protests under Trump, 2017–2021". Mobilization. 27:1.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blair, Christopher; Chenoweth, Erica; Horowitz, Michael C.; Perkoski, Evan; Potter, Philip B. K. (2020-10-05). "The Death and Life of Terrorist Networks". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chenoweth, Erica; Pressman, Jeremy (2017-02-07). "This is what we learned by counting the women's marches". Washington Post.

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