Escomb
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| Escomb | |
|---|---|
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| Population | 358 (2001 census) |
| OS grid reference | [[[:Template:Ordnance Survey url]] NZ189300] |
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| Country | Script error: No such module "Link if exists". |
| Crown dependency | Script error: No such module "Link if exists". |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Bishop Auckland |
| Postcode district | DL14 |
| Dialling code | 01388 |
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| Police | Durham |
| Fire | County Durham and Darlington |
| Ambulance | North East |
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Escomb is a village and former civil parish on the River Wear about Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) west of Bishop Auckland, in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. In 2001, it had a population of 358.[1] In 2011, the ward had a population of 3323.[2]
Etymology
The name Escomb is of Old English origin. The name derived from the element edisc ("enclosures, enclosed park"), giving the name a meaning of "(place) at the enclosures".[3]
Parish churches
Escomb Church was built in the 7th or 8th century ADLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. when the area was part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria, and has been called "England's earliest complete church".[4] The building includes long-and-short quoinsLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. characteristic of Anglo-Saxon architecture, and re-used Roman masonry from Binchester Roman Fort.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Until the 19th century, Escomb was a dependent chapelry of Bishop Auckland.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. In 1848, a vicarage was built at the top of the hill and Rev. Henry Atkinson became Escomb's first resident vicar for centuries.[5]
The Anglo-Saxon church seated only 65 people, and in the 19th century Escomb's population outgrew it. In 1863, a new parish church, St John's, was completed next to the vicarage.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Thereafter, the old church repeatedly fell into disrepair. It was restored in 1875–80 by R. J. Johnson, again in 1927, and again in 1965, by Sir Albert Richardson.[5]
In the 20th century, church attendance declined and became too small for St John's. In 1969, the Anglo-Saxon church reverted to being the parish church, and in 1971, St John's was demolished.[5]
Economic history
The George Pit coal mine was sunk in 1837, and an ironworks was opened at Witton Park in 1846.[5]
In 1843, the Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway was opened between Shildon Junction and Crook to take coal from the area.[6] It passes Escomb but its nearest stop was Etherley railway station, which had been opened by 1847.[6] The line was worked initially by the Stockton and Darlington Railway,[6] through which it became part of the North Eastern Railway in 1863.
WC Stobart & Co's Etherley Colliery was Escomb's major employer from the middle of the 19th century until the seams of its pits became exhausted in the 1920s.[7] The 1851 Census recorded 1,293 inhabitants of Escomb, most of whom worked at the pit.[8]
British Rail closed the Bishop Auckland and Weardale line to passenger traffic in 1965 and to freight traffic in 1993.[6] The Weardale Railway reopened the section past Escomb and through Etherley shortly thereafter.
Civil parish
On 1 April 1937, the parish was abolished and merged with Bishop Auckland and West Auckland; part also went to form Crook and Willington.[9] In 1931, the parish had a population of 3248.[10]
See also
- Escomb Bridge
- Northman of Escomb, involved in the transfer of Escomb to St Cuthbert's of Lindisfarne (later Durham Cathedral) in the 10th century
- Combe
Amenities
Escomb has a public house, the Saxon Inn, that was built in the 17th century.[11]
The village has a primary school.[12]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Wear Valley Settlement Summary Sheets" (PDF). Durham County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Area: Escomb (Ward): Key Figures for 2001 Census: Census Area Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Key to English Place-names - County Durham". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[page needed]
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beddow, G (2012). "1863 to 1969 The Missing Years". Escomb Saxon Church. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Catford, Nick (11 March 2011). "Station Name: Etherley". Disused Stations: Closed Railway Stations in the UK. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Etherley Colliery". Durham Mining Museum. Durham Mining Museum. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Graves, Desmond (2004). "Research Projects: Escomb - a history of George Pit". Durham Miner Project. Retrieved 21 April 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Auckland Registration District". UKBMD. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population statistics Escomb Ch/CP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- ^ The Saxon Inn Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ^ Escomb Primary School
Sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blair, Peter Hunter (1977) [1956]. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Second ed.). Cambridge & London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–158. ISBN 0-521-29219-0.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jenkins, Simon (1999). England's Thousand Best Churches. London: Penguin Books. pp. 170–172. ISBN 978-0-14-103930-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1931) [1848]. A Topographical Dictionary of England (Seventh ed.). London: Samuel Lewis. pp. 181–186.
External links
Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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