Eton language
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| Eton | |
|---|---|
| Ìtón | |
| Region | Cameroon |
Native speakers | 1 500 000 (2020 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | eto – inclusive codeIndividual code: mct – Mengisa (duplicate code) |
| Glottolog | eton1253 |
A.71[2] | |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Eton, or Ìtón, is a Bantu language spoken by the Eton people of Cameroon.[3]
It is mutually intelligible with Ewondo, a fact which may have delayed its study for some time.
Eton speakers inhabit the Lekié department of the Centre Region of Cameroon, an area north of the capital Yaoundé bounded in the north by the Sanaga River.
Ethnologue cites four dialects of Eton, but its speakers generally distinguish two, a northern and a southern dialect, the latter of which is closer to the Ewondo language.
The Mengisa people have largely switched to Eton. A small number continue to speak their ancestral language, Leti. It is not clear if the ISO code for "Mengisa" refers to Eton or Leti; Ethnologue classifies Mengisa with Eton, but the code is likely based on Guthrie, who classified it with Leti.[4]
Phonology
Eton is a tone language. It makes use of three tones (low, high and dissimilating high) and floating tones.[3]
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋ͡m | |
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
- Sounds Script error: No such module "IPA". have sonorant allophones Script error: No such module "IPA". when in intervocalic, lenited positions.[5][6]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː | |
| High-mid | e eː | ə | o oː |
| Low-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | |
| Low | a aː |
Grammar
Eton is an SVO language. As is common in Bantu, Eton has a noun class system. There are twelve classes and the class of a noun determines which agreement prefix it receives and triggers. For instance, verbs agree with the subject's noun class.[3]
References
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- ^ Eton at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Mengisa (duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ a b c Velde, Mark L. O. Van de. A Grammar of Eton, p. 3
- ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.van de Velde, Mark (2006). A Description of Eton: Phonology, Morphology, Basic Syntax, and Lexicon. Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.van de Velde, Mark (2008). A Grammar of Eton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
- Velde, Mark L. O. Van de. A Grammar of Eton, Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. Template:ISBN
External links
- Velde, Mark L. O. Van de. (PDF) A Description of Eton: Phonology, morphology, basic syntax and lexicon. Available through the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven website.
- Materials on Eton are included in the open access Arthur Capell collection (AC2) held by Paradisec.
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