European Radical Alliance

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European Radical Alliance
European Parliament group
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ERA logo
NameEuropean Radical Alliance
English abbr.ERA[1]
French abbr.ARE[2]
Formal nameGroup of the European Radical Alliance[3][4]
IdeologyRegionalism[5]
Associated organisationsEuropean Free Alliance
From19 July 1994[6]
To20 July 1999[2]
Preceded byRainbow Group
Succeeded byGreens–European Free Alliance
Chaired byCatherine Lalumière[7]
MEP(s)19 (19 July 1994),
21 (5 May 1999),
13 (13 June 1999)

The Group of the European Radical Alliance (ERA) was a heterogeneous political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1994 and 1999. It was formed by regionalist parties from the former Rainbow Group,[8] although its largest and dominant member party was the French Energie Radicale.[9][10]

History

In 1989[6][2] the Rainbow Group split. The Greens went off to form the Green Group, whilst the Regionalists stayed in the rump of Rainbow Group. The 1994 elections saw a considerable reduction in Regionalist representation in the Parliament, with only the Canary Isles autonomists, Lega Nord, the Scottish National Party (SNP) and People's Union (VU) keeping their MEPs.[11] But Lega Nord had been suspended from the European Free Alliance following its decision to join the coalition Italian government alongside the right-wing National Alliance.[11] Given this reduction in numbers, the weakened EFA were no longer able to maintain their own group.

The French Energie Radicale were considered centrist enough to be possible members of the ELDR Group[12] (their successors, the Radical Party of the Left, became observers in the ELDR Party in 2006[13]) but instead they allied themselves with the members of the Pannella-Reformers List and the rump EFA to form the Group of the European Radical Alliance.[2]

The ERA stayed in existence until 1999, when a loss of support forced the European Free Alliance members of the ERA to rejoin with the Green Group to create the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group.[2]

Member parties on 19 July 1994

Member state Party MEPs Notes
File:Flag of France.svg France Energie Radicale[11][14] 13[11][14]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom Scottish National Party[11][14] 2[11][14]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Pannella-Reformers List[11][14] 2[11][14]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium People's Union/Flemish Free Democrats[11][14] 1[11][14]
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Canarian Coalition[15] 1 Isidoro Sánchez García[15]

Sources

References

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  1. ^ a b Democracy in the European Parliament
  2. ^ a b c d e f G/EFA on Europe Politique[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."INFO". www.europarl.europa.eu.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."European Parliament profile of Jaak Vandemeulebroucke".
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.James Mitchell (1998). "Member State or Euro-Region? The SNP, Plaid Cymru, and Europe". In David Baker; David Seawright (eds.). Britain for and Against Europe: British Politics and the Question of European Integration. Clarendon Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-19-828078-1.
  6. ^ a b c Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."European Parliament profile of Catherine Lalumière".
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Colin Pilkington (2001). Britain in the European Union Today. Manchester University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-7190-5791-5.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Julie Smith (1999). Europe's Elected Parliament. A&C Black. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-85075-999-7.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Luciano Bardi (2002). "Transnational Trends: The Evolution of the European Party System". In Bernard Steunenberg; J. J. A. Thomassen (eds.). The European Parliament: Moving Toward Democracy in the EU. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7425-0126-3.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.de Winter, Lieven; Türsan, Huri (1998). Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. Routledge. pp. 190–201. ISBN 0-415-16437-0.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."OneEurope magazine, issue 11" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ELDR State of the Party: Activity Report of the ELDR Party, April 1999 - October 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."European Union Basics (FAQ), Part3/8". www.faqs.org.
  15. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."European Parliament profile of Isidoro Sánchez García".

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