Prunus domestica

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(Redirected from European plum)

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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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Synonyms[1]
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    • Druparia insititia Clairv.
    • Druparia prunus Clairv.
    • Prunus ambigua Salisb.
    • Prunus communis Huds.
    • Prunus dumetorum Callay
    • Prunus exigua Bechst.
    • Prunus insititia L.
    • Prunus italica Borkh.
    • Prunus lutea Bechst.
    • Prunus oeconomica Borkh.
    • Prunus sativa Rouy & Camus
    • Prunus subrotunda Bechst.
    • Prunus vinaria Bechst.
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Prunus domestica is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. A deciduous tree, it includes many varieties of the fruit trees known as plums in English, though not all plums belong to this species. The greengages and damsons also belong to subspecies of P. domestica.

Description

It typically forms a large shrub or a small tree. It may be somewhat thorny, with white blossom, borne in early spring. The oval or spherical fruit varies in size, but can be up to 8 centimetres (3 inches) across. The pulp is usually sweet,[3] but some varieties are sour. Like all Prunus fruits, it contains a single large seed, usually called a stone, which is discarded when eating.

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Taxonomy

The species' hybrid parentage was believed to be Prunus spinosa and P. cerasifera;[4][5] however, recent cytogenetic evidence seem to implicate 2×, 4×, 6×[a] P. cerasifera as the sole wild stock from which the cultivated 6× P. domestica could have evolved.[6]

Subspecies

Cullen et al. (1995) recognises three subspecies,[7] though scientific studies[which?] favor a more fine-grained separation:

The subspecies cross easily, so that numerous intermediate forms can be found: their sweetness and tartness may vary, their colors varying from bluish-purple to red, orange, yellow or light green.[citation needed]

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Cultivars

File:Page 14 plum - Imperial Gage, Shropshire Damson, Lombard, Maynard, Yellow Egg.jpg
Cultivars: (1) Imperial Gage, (2) Damson, (3) Lombard, (4) Maynard and (5) Yellow Egg

Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

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Uses

The pulp is edible[20] and usually sweet, though some varieties are sour and require cooking with sugar to make them palatable.

Plums are grown commercially in orchards, but modern rootstocks, together with self-fertile strains, training and pruning methods, allow single plums to be grown in relatively small spaces. Their early flowering and fruiting means that they require a sheltered spot away from frosts and cold winds.[3]

Most prunes (dried plums) are made from fruits of this species.[citation needed]

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Notes

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  1. ^ Diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid: see Polyploidy

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  2. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klein, Carol (2009). Grow Your Own Fruit. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-1-84533-4345.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crane, M.B.; Lawrence, W.J.C. (1947). The Genetics of Garden Plants (PDF). MacMillan & Co. LTD. p. 233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Khanizadeh, S.; Cousineau, J. (2000). Our Plums/Les Pruniers de chez nous. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculteur et Agroalimentaire Canada. ISBN 978-0-660-61568-4.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zohary, Daniel (1992-03-01). "Is the European plum, Prunus domestica L., a P. cerasifera EHRH. × P. spinosa L. allo-polyploid?". Euphytica. 60 (1): 75–77. Bibcode:1992Euphy..60...75Z. doi:10.1007/BF00022260. ISSN 0014-2336. S2CID 10923512.
  7. ^ Cullen, J. et al. (1995). The European Garden Flora. Volume IV. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Blue Rock'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Blue Tit'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Czar'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Imperial Gage'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Jefferson'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Laxton's Delight'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Mallard'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Marjory's Seedling'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Opal'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Oullins Gage'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Pershore'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RHS Plant Selector – Prunus domestica 'Victoria'". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 498. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.

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