Prune
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "For". Template:DMCA
A prune is a dried plum, most commonly from the European plum (Prunus domestica) tree. Not all plum species or varieties can be dried into prunes.[1] Use of the term prune for fresh plums is obsolete except when applied to varieties of plum grown for drying.[2] In this usage, a prune is the firm-fleshed plum fruit of P. domestica varieties that have a high soluble solids content and do not ferment during drying.[3]
Most prunes are freestone cultivars (i.e., the pit is easy to remove), whereas most plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). The sorbitol content along with dietary fiber likely provide the laxative effect associated with consuming prunes. Prunes are 64% carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, 2% protein, a rich source of vitamin K, and a moderate source of B vitamins and dietary minerals.
Production
More than 1,000 plum cultivars are grown for drying. The main cultivar grown in the United States is the 'Improved French' prune. Other varieties include 'Sutter', 'Tulare Giant', 'Moyer', 'Imperial', 'Italian', and greengages. Fresh prunes reach the market earlier than fresh plums and are usually smaller in size. The great majority of commercially grown prune varieties are self-fertile and do not need separate pollinator trees.[4]
Name change
In 2001, plum growers in the United States were authorized by the Food and Drug Administration to call prunes "dried plums".[5] Due to a perception that prunes relieve constipation (perceived as derogatory), some distributors stopped using the word "prune" on packaging labels in favor of "dried plums".[6]
Health effects
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | 1,006 kJ (240 kcal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63.88 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sugars | 38.13 g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dietary fiber | 7.1 g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0.38 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.18 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other constituents | Quantity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Water | 31 g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[7] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prunes contain dietary fiber (about 7% of weight) which may provide laxative effects,[9] but prune juice also has a laxative effect without containing fiber.[9] Their sorbitol content may also be responsible for this, a conclusion reached in a 2012 review by the European Food Safety Authority.[10] The report also demonstrated that prunes effectively contribute to the maintenance of normal bowel function in the general population if consumed in quantities of at least 100 grams (3.5 oz) per day.[10] Neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid may also contribute to the laxative effect.[9]
Nutrition
Prunes are 31% water, 64% carbohydrates, 2% protein, and less than 1% fat (table). In a reference amount of Template:Cvt, prunes supply 240 calories, 7 grams of dietary fiber, and are a rich source of vitamin K (50% of the Daily Value, DV), copper (31% DV), and potassium (24% DV), with several B vitamins (12-14% DV) and other dietary minerals in moderate content (10–13% DV) (table).
Phytochemicals
Prunes and prune juice contain phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds (mainly as neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic acids) and sorbitol.[9]
Uses
Prunes are used in preparing both sweet and savory dishes.[10]
Contrary to the name, boiled plums or prunes are not used to make sugar plums, which instead may be nuts, seeds, or spices coated with hard sugar, also called comfits.[11]
Gallery
-
Raw plums that have not been dried into prunes
-
Prunes in chocolate with an almond in the middle
See also
Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 404: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Growing Prunes (Dried Plums) in California: An Overview. UCANR Publications. 2007. ISBN 978-1-60107-486-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Dehydrated Prunes Grades and Standards". Agricultural Marketing Service, US Department of Agriculture. 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Richard P. Buchner (16 May 2012). Prune Production Manual. UCANR Publications. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-1-60107-702-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Growing Prunes (Dried Plums) in California: An Overview. UCANR Publications. 2007. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-1-60107-486-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FDA Approves Prune Name Change". ABC News. 6 January 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ Janick, Jules and Robert E. Paull (2008). The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. Template:ISBN. p. 696.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Template:NCBIBook.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M.; Bowen, P. E.; Hussain, E. A.; Damayanti-Wood, B. I.; Farnsworth, N. R. (2001). "Chemical Composition and Potential Health Effects of Prunes: A Functional Food?". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 41 (4): 251–286. Bibcode:2001CRFSN..41..251S. doi:10.1080/20014091091814. PMID 11401245. S2CID 31159565.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2012). "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to dried plums of 'prune' cultivars (Prunus domestica L.) and maintenance of normal bowel function (ID 1164, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006". EFSA Journal. 10 (6): 2712. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2712.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kawash, Samira (22 December 2010). "Sugar Plums: They're Not What You Think They Are". The Atlantic. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.
