Exophoria
Template:Infobox medical condition (new) Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.[1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.[2]
The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia.
Cause
Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include:[citation needed]
- Refractive errors – distance and near deviation approximately equal.
- Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15 dioptres greater for distance than near deviation.
- Convergence insufficiency – near exodeviation greater than distance deviation.
These can be due to nerve, muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies. Unlike exotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causing diplopia to be uncommon.[citation needed]
Prevalence
Exophoria is common in infancy and childhood, and increases with age.[3][<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Allen, Edmund Turney (1899). The science of higher prisms. Harvard University: G. K. Hazlitt 6 Co., printer. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-02-235217-9.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grosvenor, Theodore (2007). Primary Care Optometry 5th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7506-7575-8.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Freier BE, Pickwell LD (1983). "Physiological exophoria". Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 3 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1983.tb00613.x. PMID 6646761. S2CID 11180397.
External links
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