Falam language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Falam
Lai
Lai ṭong
Native toBurma, India
RegionWest Burma, North East India
EthnicityChin
Native speakers
(70,000 in Burma cited 1983)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist
40,000 in India (2011 Census)
Dialects
  • Zanniat
  • Laizo
  • Zahau
  • Tlaisun
  • Khualsim
  • Lente
  • Tapong
  • Sim
  • Torr
  • Chorei
  • Ngawn
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
cfm – Falam Chin
cnw – Ngawn Chin
rnl – Ranglong
Glottologfala1243  Falam
ngaw1239  Ngawn
rang1267  Halam
ELPTemplate:Endangered Languages Project
 Chorei
LinguasphereTemplate:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist

Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Falam Chin (also known as Lai) is a Kuki-Chin language in Falam Township, Chin State, Myanmar.

Falam Chin is closely related to most Central Chin languages, especially Hakha Chin.[1] The Falam people are primarily Christian and have translated the Bible into Falam Chin.

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Falam:

  • Tlaisun (Shunkla, Sunkhla, Taishon, Tashom, Tashon)
  • Laizo (Laiso, Laizao, Laizo-Shimhrin)
  • Zahao (Lyen-Lyem, JaHau Yahow, Zahau, Zahau-Shimhrin, Za-How)
  • Sim

Falam takes its name from a village, founded by the Tlaisun (in English, 'Tashon') tribe, and Tashon was the original language spoken in Falam. Falam grew in population from the surrounding tribes from Sunthla (also 'Sunkhla'), Sim and Zahau (also 'Zahao') that created a new language based on these three tribes, very different from the Tlaisun language. This language was later popularly known as Laizo. Laizo was recorded as the first language used in the official radio broadcasting dialect of Chin in Myanmar. In order to be inclusive in Laizo, the name was later changed to Falam, although its official name is still Laizo.[citation needed]

Rupini and Koloi are also quite different.[2] The Chorei and Zanniat dialects (collectively known as Baro Halam) may be considered separate languages.[3] Tapong has lower intelligibility with other Falam Chin dialects, having 75% lexical similarity with Zanniat.[3] Dialects once misleadingly called Southern Luhupa are actually Northern Kuki-Chin, and evidently Falam.[4]

Ethnologue reported the following speaker populations of Falam dialects in 1983: 9,000 Taisun, 16,000 Zanniat, 7,000 Khualsim, 4,000 Lente, 14,400 Zahau, 18,600 Laizo.[citation needed]

Phonology

The Falam language has five spoken vowels, but in writing, six are used. Of the five spoken, three of them, /u/, /a/, and /ɔ/ are spoke from the back of the mouth, /i/ is spoken from the top of the mouth, and /e/ is spoken from the middle. /ɔ/ can be pronounced as aw or o.[5]

Writing system

A written script for Falam (Laizo) was created in 1924 by Rev. Dr. Herbert Cope.[6] Falam Chin is written using the Latin script, with the exception of the letters Q, Y, J and X. The consonants ṭ (t with dot), ng (Guttural sound), and aw vowel (IPA [Script error: No such module "IPA".] or [Script error: No such module "IPA".]) are frequently used in both Chin literature and speaking.

This is a sample of written Falam Chin:

Template:Verse translation

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.King, Deborah (2010). VOICE AND VALENCE-ALTERING OPERATIONS IN FALAM CHIN: A ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPROACH. Arlington, Texas: The University of Texas at Arlington.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference e18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Myanmar". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10.
  4. ^ Linguasphere code 73-DDD-bp
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chin Writers' Handbook. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA: Bibles International. 2011.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lian, Salai Van Cung; Salem-Gervais, Nicolas (November 2020). "How Many Chin Languages Should Be Taught in Government Schools? Ongoing developments and structural challenges of language-in-education policy in Chin State". Parami Journal of Education. 1 (1).

Further reading

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Falam language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

Template:Sino-Tibetan languages Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Languages of Northeast India

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Falam_language&oldid=10396067"