Ferdows

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Ferdows
Template:Langx
City
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CountryIran
ProvinceSouth Khorasan
CountyFerdows
DistrictCentral
Elevation
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Population
 (2016)[3]
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Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
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Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
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RoutesTemplate:Jct
Websitehttp://ferdows.ir
[[[:Template:GEOnet name search]] Ferdows] at GEOnet Names Server

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Ferdows (Template:Langx)[a] is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran,[5] serving as capital of both the county and the district.[6] It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.[7]

History

File:Iran provinces in Abbasid Caliphate.jpg
Map of Iran during the Abbasid Caliphate. Toon (Ferdows), Qaen and Tabas are the cities indicated in Quhistan (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).
File:La Perse la Georgie et la Turquie d'Asie, by Nicolas de Fer.jpg
Ferdows's name on the map 1705 ("Thun")
File:Rigobert Bonne. Perse. 1787 (K).jpg
Ferdows's name on the map 1787 ("Toun")
File:Persia 1814.jpg
Ferdows's name on the map 1814 ("Toon")

Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In the Islamic era it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

The first people to inhabit Ferdows were a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era. It was one of the most prominent cities of Quhistan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. However, Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. Eventually, Toon recovered and regained its statues as one of Quhistan's major cities. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[8][9]

In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.[10]

Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first municipalities of Khorasan province.[11] However, the city experienced significant decline following a devastating earthquake in 1968.

After Khorasan province was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan province,[5] but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan province in 2007.[12]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.[13] The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.[14] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.[3]

Geography

Location

Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[15] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.

Climate

Ferdows has a cold desert climate (BWk) according to the Köppen climate classification. The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[16] Script error: No such module "weather box".

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Agriculture

Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[19]

Main sights

File:مدرسه علیا فردوس 06.jpg
The Safavid era Religious School of Ferdows
File:کاروانسرای خوشاب-2.jpg
A view of a historic Safavid era house in Ferdows
File:Museum of anthropology in ferdows.jpg
The entrance to the historical museum
File:Imamzadeh tomb in ferdows.jpg
Historic tomb in Ferdows
File:Ferdows Hole in the Rock 3.jpg
Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock

Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:

Emad Nezam Tourism Complex

It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:

  • Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
  • Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
  • Emad Nezam Sports Club
  • Emad Nezam Football Academy
  • Mofid Educational Complex
  • Polond Desert Tourism Camp[20]

Education and culture

Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:    

Notable people

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Ferdous; also known as Ferdos and Firdaus; until 1929 Tūn, also romanized as Toon[4]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.OpenStreetMap contributors (10 November 2024). "ابن یمین [Ibn Yamin], Ferdows, Ferdows County Central District, Ferdows County, South Khorasan Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in فارسی). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  2. ^ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان خراسان جنوبی [General Population and Housing Census 2016: South Khorasan Province]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in فارسی). Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ [[[:Template:GEOnet ufi search]] Ferdows] at GEOnet Names Server
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.قانون تقسیم استان خراسان به سه استان [‌Law on the division of Khorasan province into three provinces]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Ministry of the Interior]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Islamic Consultative Assembly]. 29 May 2004 [Script error: No such module "Lang". (Approval date) 1383/03/09 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Newspaper: 17268]. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2026.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [Script error: No such module "Lang". (Approval date) 1369.6.21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوی استان خراسان به مرکزیت شهر مشهد [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Ministry of the Interior]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [84902T125K]. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2026.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ferdows, Iran - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". www.geographic.org. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ferdows Municipality‌ Website" (in فارسی).[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ferdows Governorship" (in فارسی). Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Asia Publishing House New York (1859). Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan).
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in فارسی).[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Davoodi, Parviz (4 March 2007) [Script error: No such module "Lang". (Approval date) 1385/12/13 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب نامه در مورد تقسیمات کشوری راجع به شهرستان فردوس [‌Approval letter on national divisions regarding Ferdows County]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Lam ta Kam] (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Ministry of the Interior]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Council of Ministers]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [ID] 93B5A76E-D20E-4719-8F1D-1971CFEB2A08. Archived from the original on 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 April 2026.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان خراسان جنوبی [General Population and Housing Census 2006: South Khorasan Province]. Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in فارسی). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان خراسان جنوبی [General Population and Housing Census 2011: South Khorasan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in فارسی). Script error: No such module "Lang". [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in فارسی). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ferdows" (CSV). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس". هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Islamic Azad University, Ferdows | Ranking & Review". www.unirank.org. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools".
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا". 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.

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