Frederick Cornwallis
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Frederick Cornwallis | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
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| Church | Church of England |
| Diocese | Canterbury |
| In office | 1768–1783 |
| Predecessor | Thomas Secker |
| Successor | John Moore |
| Previous postTemplate:Pluralize from text | Bishop of Lichfield (1750–1768) |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 19 February 1750 by Thomas Herring |
| Personal details | |
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| Died | Script error: No such module "person date". |
| Buried | Church of St Mary-at-Lambeth |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Alma mater | Christ's College, Cambridge |
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Frederick Cornwallis (5 March 1713 – 19 March 1783) was a British clergy member who served as Archbishop of Canterbury after a career in the Church of England. He was born the seventh son of an aristocratic family.
Early life and education
Cornwallis was born in London, England,[1] the seventh son of Charles Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis. His twin brother, Edward Cornwallis, was born sixth. Charles was educated at Eton College and graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge.[2] He was ordained a priest in 1742 and became a Doctor of Divinity in 1748.
Career
Cornwallis was able to ascend quickly in the Church thanks to his aristocratic connections. In 1746, he was made chaplain to King George II and a canon of Windsor. In 1750, he became a canon at St Paul's Cathedral, and later that year became Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry thanks to the patronage of the Duke of Newcastle, who was Secretary of State. Cornwallis was also Dean of Windsor (1765–1768) and Dean of St Paul's (1766–1768).
On the death of Thomas Secker in 1768, Cornwallis's friendship with the prime minister, the Duke of Grafton, resulted in his translation to Archbishop of Canterbury. As archbishop, his sociability and geniality made him popular. He was a consistent supporter of the administration of Lord North and led efforts in support of Anglican clergy who were dispossessed of their livings in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. He was buried at St. Mary's Church, Lambeth.
On the whole, Cornwallis has generally been judged as a competent administrator but an uninspiring leader of the 18th-century church. He is considered a typical product of the time's latitudinarianism, whose lack of zeal paved the way for the differing responses of both the Evangelicals and the Oxford Movement in the early 19th century.
Family
His twin brother, Edward Cornwallis, had a military career by becoming a general in the British Army; twice serving as a military governor of colonies; and founding Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1749.
His nephew was Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, a British general during the American Revolution who surrendered his forces at Yorktown, Virginia, and was later appointed Governor-General of India.
Discovery of likely coffin
In 2016, during the refurbishment of the Garden Museum,[3] which is housed at the medieval church of St Mary-at-Lambeth,[4] 30 lead coffins were found under the church floor. One had an archbishop's red and gold mitre on top of it.[5] Two archbishops were identified from nameplates on their coffins. Church records document that three additional archbishops, including Cornwallis, are likely to be buried in the vault.[6]
Arms
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References
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- ^ Mastermason.com profile of Edward Cornwallis
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cornwallis, Frederick (CNWS731F)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Museum web-site". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ British History on-line
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Syemour, Lizzie. "Builders Discover Archbishops' Tombs under Church Floor". Times on-line].[dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Remains of five 'lost' Archbishops of Canterbury found". BBC News. 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cornwallis "Frederick Cornwallis". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 31 May 2026.
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Further reading
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