Freiberger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about".

Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Freiberger
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Conservation statusPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Other namesPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • Franches-Montagnes
  • Franc-Montagnard
  • Cheval du Jura
  • Jura
Country of originSwitzerland
DistributionPage Template:Hlist/styles.css has no content.
UsePage Template:Hlist/styles.css has no content.
  • driving
  • riding
Traits
WeightPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
HeightPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Colourusually bay, less often chestnut; rarely other colours[5]Template:R/superscript
Breed standards
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.

The Freiberger or Franches-Montagnes is a Swiss breed of horse of light draught type. It originates in the Canton of Jura in north-western Switzerland, and is named for the Freiberge or Franches-Montagnes District in the south of that canton. It is widely distributed in Switzerland, and is also present in France and Belgium.

It was formerly used principally as a farm horse or by the Swiss army; it is now used mainly for driving and riding. The Script error: No such module "Lang". is an annual fair for the breed held in Saignelégier, capital of the Franches-Montagnes District.

Characteristics

The Freiberger is variable in type, from a riding horse to a light draught horse conformation.[6]Template:R/superscript Mares average 550 kg in weight and 147 cm in height at the withers; the average height and weight for stallions and geldings are 155 cm and 650 kg.[2]Template:R/superscript The usual coat colours are bay and chestnut, with only minimal white markings.[6]Template:R/superscript

History

File:Der dreijährige Hengst Farand - CH-BAR - 3239951.tif
Farand, a stallion at the Marché-Concours des Chevaux in Saignelégier (1910s)
File:2004-Saignelegier-Marche-Concours-Freiberger.jpg
Stallions at the Marché-Concours des Chevaux of Saignelégier, 2004

The Freiberger originates in the historic Jura region of Switzerland; use of horses in agricultural work and as post-horses is documented there from about 1620.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript

By the early nineteenth century, there were active breeders in the district of Franches-Montagnes. In 1817, there were 4000 breeding mares. The horses were bred for use in agriculture and by the army as pack animals and artillery horses. There were imports of Anglo-Normans in 1821, and of Hanoverian, Oldenburger and other horses from England and France in 1830, all with the aim of correcting the perceived faults of the native breed – a heavy head, a short neck and a sloping croup – although its overall build was considered good.[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript

The name Freiberger appeared in the late nineteenth century, used for the three types of horse previously named after the districts of Franches-Montagnes, Porrentruy, and Delémont. These types were called "cheval de Jura" and later "Franches-Montagnes" regardless of the district from which they originated. They had also been known as the race welsche.[11]Template:R/superscript

Until the early twentieth century there were named sub-types, such as the Anglo-Jura – with Thoroughbred blood - and the Normand-Jura, with some Anglo-Norman ancestry. It was only in the late twentieth century that the name (Cheval des) Franches-Montagnes became official.[11]Template:R/superscript The Script error: No such module "Lang". in Saignelégier, a combined show, race and market dedicated to the breed, has been held annually since 1897.[12]Template:R/superscript

Some cross-breeding with imported Swedish Warmblood stock took place in the 1960s.[6]Template:R/superscript

A stud-book was established in 1960.[13]Template:R/superscript It was closed to any external admixture in 1997.[14]Template:R/superscript In the same year a breed association, the Schweizerischer Freibergerverband or Fédération suisse d’élevage du cheval de la race des Franches-Montagnes, was established.[15]Template:R/superscript

Although the Freiberger breed is not at risk, with an estimated total population in 2017 of about 30000, of which approximately 25000 were in Switzerland, the original type – those with 2% or less of foreign blood – is endangered.[5]Template:R/superscript[16]Template:R/superscript An interest group for the preservation of this stock was formed in 1996 as the Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang"..[17]Template:R/superscript In 1999 the total number of such horses was decreasing rapidly, with a remaining stock of about 300 mares and 30 stallions.[16]Template:R/superscript In 2003 a conservation programme for the original type was established by the interest group, in collaboration with ProSpecieRara and with the Swiss National Stud Farm at Avenches.[6]Template:R/superscript[14]Template:R/superscript[17]Template:R/superscript

Use

The traditional uses were as a draught horse for agricultural work, or as a military horse, either as a saddle horse or as a pack animal.[6]Template:R/superscript In the twenty-first century it is used both as a riding mount and for driving.[6]Template:R/superscript

References

  1. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Template:Isbn. Archived 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Breed data sheet: Franches-Montagnes / Switzerland (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  3. ^ Breed data sheet: Franches-Montagnes / Belgium (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  4. ^ Breed data sheet: Franches-Montagnes / France (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  5. ^ a b Élise Rousseau, Yann Le Bris, Teresa Lavender Fagan (2017). Horses of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Template:Isbn.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
  7. ^ Isabelle Reviriaud (2002). Le cheval Franches-Montagnes: Thèse pour obtenir le grade de docteur vétérinaire, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (doctoral thesis, in French).
  8. ^ Historique (in French). Avenches: Fédération Suisse du Franches-Montagnes. Archived 29 January 2022.
  9. ^ Louis Jobin (1925). Le Cheval du Jura (dissertation, in French). La Chaux-de-Fonds: W. Graden.
  10. ^ Johan Ulrich Duerst (1924). Kulturhistorische Studien Zur schweizerischen Pferdezucht (in German). Bern: Verlag der Schweizerischen Landwirtschaftlichen Monatshefte, Benteli AG.
  11. ^ a b Pierre-André Poncet, Vincent Wermeille (2009). Le Cheval des Franches-Montagnes à travers l'histoire (in French). Porrentruy: Société jurassienne d'émulation. Template:Isbn.
  12. ^ Histoire (in French). Saignelégier: Marché-Concours National de Chevaux. Archived 31 March 2022.
  13. ^ Tiergenetische Ressourcen der Schweizer Landwirtschaft (in German). Bern: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft. Accessed February 2022.
  14. ^ a b Cheval originel des Franches-Montagnes (in French). ProSpecieRara Suisse Romande. Accessed March 2023.
  15. ^ Fédération (in French). Avenches: Fédération Suisse du Franches-Montagnes. Accessed April 2023.
  16. ^ a b [Monitoring Institute for Rare Breeds and Seeds in Europe] (2003). Agricultural Genetic Resources in the Alps; Landwirtschaftliche Genressourcen der Alpen; Ressources génétiques agricoles des Alpes; Risorse genetiche agricole delle Alpi; Kmetijski genetski viri v Alpha. Zürich: Bristol-Stiftung; Bern, Stuttgart, Wien: Haupt. Template:Isbn. Archived 24 May 2022.
  17. ^ a b Das Original Freiberger Pferd (in German). Interessengemeinschaft zur Erhaltung des Original Freiberger Pferdes. Archived 12 August 2022.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Template:If then show|Template:If then show]].

Template:Horse breeds of Switzerland


Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Freiberger&oldid=2840168"