Fuad Masum

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Fuad Masum
Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.فوئاد مەعسووم
Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.فؤاد معصوم
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Masum in 2018
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7th President of Iraq
In office
Template:En dash range
Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki
Haider al-Abadi
Vice PresidentKhodair al-Khozaei
Nouri al-Maliki
Osama al-Nujaifi
Ayad Alawi
Preceded byJalal Talabani
Succeeded byBarham Salih
Speaker of the Council of Representatives
Acting
In office
Template:En dash range
PresidentJalal Talabani
Preceded byAyad al-Samarrai
Succeeded byOsama al-Nujaifi
1st Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region
In office
Template:En dash range
PresidentSaddam Hussein
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byKosrat Rasul Ali
Personal details
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Koya, Kingdom of Iraq
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PartyPatriotic Union of Kurdistan (1974–present)
Other political
affiliations
Iraqi Communist Party (1962–1964)
Kurdistan Democratic Party (1964–1974)
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Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa
​
​
(m. 1968; died 2023)​
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Children6; including Juwan
University of Baghdad
Al-Azhar University
Religion
Sunni Islam
SignatureFile:Fuadmasoumsign.jpg

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Muhammad Fuad Masum Hurami (Template:Langx; Template:Langx, born 1 January 1938) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the president of Iraq from 24 July 2014 to 2 October 2018. He was elected as president following the 2014 parliamentary election.[1] Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and was a confidant of Talabani.

Early life and education

Fuad Masum was born in the city of Koya. He is the son of Mullah Masum Khider, a former head of the Association of Muslim Scholars in Kurdistan, who belongs to an established political dynasty with Muslim clerical links.[2][3] His family descends from the village of Khabanen, which is part of Hawraman.[4] He studied at various religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan until the age of 18. He studied law and Sharia at Baghdad University.[5] In 1958, Masum traveled to Cairo to complete his higher education at Al-Azhar University.[6] He worked as a professor in Basrah University in 1968.[5] He earned his PhD in Islamic philosophy from Al-Azhar in 1975.[5]

Political career

File:Secretary Kerry Meets With Iraqi President Masum (15021966337).jpg
Masum with US Secretary of State John Kerry at the United Nations headquarters, New York City (September 2014)

Communist Party

Masum joined the Iraqi Communist Party in 1962, until 1964, where he travelled to Syria to meet the Communist Party secretary there, Khalid Bakdash.[4] After Masum discovered Bakdash's attitudes against the Kurds, he quit the party to join the Kurdistan Democratic Party (PDK).[7][8]

Kurdistan Democratic Party

In 1968, Masum was the PDK representative in Basra. He was also the representative of the Kurdish Revolution in Cairo until 1975.[4]

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan

Masum was one of the founders of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in 1976.[7] By 1992, he was the first Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region.[7] In 2003, following the invasion of Iraq, Masum returned to Baghdad to be a member of the delegation representing Kurdistan, and was a member of the constitution drafting committee.[4] In 2010, Masum became the first Speaker of the Council of Representatives.[5]

Presidency

File:President Rouhani with Iraqi President Fuad Masum in Saadabad Palace 4.jpg
Masum with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in Saadabad Palace

In 2014, he was elected by the parliament representatives as the seventh president of Iraq.[9] Masum won 211 votes while his closest competitor, Barham Salih,[9] only received 17.[10] The decision was made during a secret vote of Kurdish MPs, who traditionally have control over the presidency for the sake of political balance.[9] United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was present in Iraq when the decision was made, meeting with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki about the need for a more inclusive government.[11] Masum accepted the position, noting the "huge security, political and economic tasks" he faces as president.[12]

On 26 August, Masum appointed a new prime minister, Haider al-Abadi.[13] His appointment was considered illegal by Nouri al-Maliki and in violation of the constitution.[14] Maliki said that in spite of his erosion of power it was his duty to remain in power because the appointment was a conspiracy rooted from outside of Iraq.[15] Al-Maliki referred the matter to the federal court claiming, "the insistence on this until the end is to protect the state."[16] However, on 14 August 2014, in the face of growing calls from world leaders and members of his own party, Maliki announced he was stepping down, paving the way for al-Abadi to take over.[17]

Personal life

Masum married to Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa (1940–2023)[18] in 1968, and has five daughters: Shireen (b. 1970), Juwan (b. 1972), Zozan (b. 1977), Shilan (b. 1979) and Veian (b. 1982). He had a son, Showan (1974–1988), who died from a childhood illness.[19]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Moderate Kurd leader elected as Iraq president". Iraq Sun. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biography of President Fuad Masum, new President of the Republic of Iraq". Iraqi Dinar. 24 July 2014.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq profile - leaders". BBC News. 11 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Who is Fuad Masum, the President of Iraq?". ALSUMARIA. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Who is Fuad Masum, the new Iraqi President?". BBC. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Talabani's old time friend becomes candidate for Iraqi President | BAS NEWS". Bas News. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Who is the new Iraqi president, Fuad Masum Hawrami?". Al Hayat. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Heath-Brown, Nick (7 February 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2016: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. ISBN 9781349578238.
  9. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq selects senior Kurdish politician Fuad Masum president". World Bulletin. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq parliament elects Fuad Masum president: speaker". InterAksyon. Agence France-Presse. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq gets new president in Fuad Masum, UN chief Ban Ki-moon seeks more urgency". The Times of India. Agence France-Presse. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq elects Fuad Masum as president". The Hindu. Associated Press. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Madi, Mohamed (11 August 2014). "Profile: Haider al-Abadi, Iraqi PM in waiting". BBC News. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Power struggle on Baghdad streets as Maliki replaced but refuses to go". Reuters. August 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morris (13 August 2014). "Maliki asserts 'duty' to cling to power in Iraq; Iran's supreme leader weighs in". Washington Post.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq's Incumbent PM Nouri Al-Maliki Grows More Isolated As He Clings To Power". Huffington Post. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Baghdad's Shiites in bid to oust Kurdish president of Iraq". Rudaw. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."وفاة زوجة رئيس الجمهورية الاسبق فؤاد معصوم". Kurdistan 24 (in العربية). 11 August 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Who is Dr. Fuad Masum? | Iraqi Dinar News Today". Iraqi Dinar News Today. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

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