Gulfstream G100
Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:Infobox aircraft
The Gulfstream G100, formerly known as the IAI Astra, is an Israel Aerospace Industries-manufactured twin-engine business jet, that was produced for Gulfstream Aerospace. Deliveries began in 1986. The United States Navy employs the aircraft as the C-38A Courier. A later derivative known as the G150 was launched in 2002. Gulfstream announced the final sale of the G150 in September 2016 and the last delivery by mid-2017.[1]
Design and development
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) developed the Astra from its Model 1124 Westwind business jet. Work on an improved Westwind began in the late 1970s,[2] with the first prototype flight on 19 March 1984.[3] The first production Astra flew on 20 March 1985, with FAA certification granted on 29 August 1985 and customer deliveries starting in 1986.[3]
The original 1125 Astra was replaced by the Astra SP, announced in 1989; 37 were built. The third variant, the Astra SPX, flew for the first time in August 1994. This variant was renamed G100 from September 2002 following Gulfstream's acquisition of Galaxy Aerospace, which held the Astra type certificate, in May 2001.
In September 2002, Gulfstream announced the improved G150, based on the G100. This last variant features a wider (12 in) and longer fuselage (16 in aft of rear pressure bulkhead) updated avionics and an increase in maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) to 26,100 pounds (11,839 kg) compared to the G100's MTOW of 24,650 pounds (11,181 kg). It first flew on 3 May 2005 and was certified by the FAA in late 2005.[4][5] It has been certified for the steeper-than-normal approach path required to land at London City Airport.[6] IAI continued to manufacture G150s in Israel and the completed airframes were then flown to Dallas in the U.S. for interior outfitting. In September 2016, Gulfstream announced that, owing to slow sales, production would be stopped, with delivery of the final aircraft due in mid-2017.[7]
The Astra was further developed in the 1990s; the wing was modified and mated to a completely new fuselage. This development became the IAI Galaxy (later the Gulfstream G200).[8]
By 2018, Gulfstream G150s from 2006–2008 were in the range of $3.8 to $4.8 million.[9]
Operational history
The G100 was ordered for the United States Air Force in 1997 as the C-38A Courier. The C-38A was operated by the 201st Airlift Squadron at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland until 2015. The C-38A replaced the earlier Learjet C-21. The C-38A differs from the standard Gulfstream G100, being fitted with various military avionics systems.[10]
The C-38A was also ordered for the United States Navy, replacing North American T-2 Buckeyes at Naval Air Station Patuxent River beginning in September 2015. Two aircraft remain in service as of 2023, both former 201st Airlift Squadron C-38's. The C-38 is tasked with acting as a chase plane, radar test target, and pilot proficiency aircraft for the test and evaluation squadron VX-20.[11]
In 2012, an IAI Astra operated by the Eritrean Air Force as the Eritrean presidential aircraft was stolen by two pilots, both serving Eritrean Air Force officers. They flew the Astra to Saudi Arabia and requested political asylum after landing at Jizan Regional Airport.[12]
Variants
- IAI 1125 Astra
- Original version, powered by two 16.46 kilonewtons (3,700 lbf) Garrett TFE731-3A-200G turbofans.[13] A total of 32 built.[14]
- IAI 1125 Astra SP
- Version with modified aerodynamics (giving 53 nautical miles (61 mi; 98 km) increase in range), improved avionics and revised interior.[15] A total of 36 built from 1990.[16]
- IAI 1125 Astra SPX
- More powerful (18.90 kilonewtons (4,250 lbf) Honeywell TFE-731-40R-200G) engines and fitted with winglets. Increased weights and range.
- Gulfstream G100
- marketing name of the IAI 1125 after the programme was taken over by Gulfstream Aerospace in 2001.[14] A total of 77 Astra SPX and G100 aircraft were built.[17]
- Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.Gulfstream G150
- Improved version of G100 with wider and longer cabin, a revised nose and uprated (19.7 kilonewtons (4,400 lbf)) engines.[17] Nearly 120 were in service in 2016.[1]
Notable accidents and incidents
- On March 10 2024, an IAI 1125 Astra SP registration N1125A crashed on approach to Ingalls Field Airport, Hot Springs, Virginia. It struck trees and hillside terrain short of the runway. The aircraft was owned and operated by SkyJet Elite and had 5 people on board at the time of the accident.[18][19]
Operators
- Eritrean Air Force one 1125 Astra aircraft operated as presidential transport[12]
- Indian Air Force operates two Gulfstream G100s.[20]
- United States Navy operates two former USAF C-38A Astra SPX
- VX-20 – Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland[22]
- Canada
- SkyCare Air Ambulance operates one Astra SP (C-FDAX) out of Region of Waterloo International Airport base.
Specifications (G-100)
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004[23]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Capacity: 6–9 passengersTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Aspect ratio: 8.8:1
- Airfoil: IAI Sigma-2Template:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Fuel capacity: 4,910 L (1,300 US gal; 1,080 imp gal) usableTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/length
PerformanceTemplate:Aircraft specs/speed
- Maximum speed: Mach 0.875Template:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/rangeTemplate:Aircraft specs/rangeTemplate:Aircraft specs/rangeTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Fuel consumption: 1750 lb. per hour[24]
Avionics
- Collins Pro Line 4
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gulfstream sells final G150, marks end of 10-year production run" (Press release). Gulfstream. 28 September 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
- ^ Relman 1993, p. 314.
- ^ a b Relman 1993, p. 316.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."First Flight: Gulfstream G150". Aero-News Network. 3 May 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A16NM Revision 8 – Gulfstream Aerospace 1125 Westwind Astra; Astra SPX; Gulfstream 100; Gulfstream G150" (PDF). 23 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ G150 Steep Approach to London City approaches reach 5.5 degrees Aviation Week. Accessed: 9 January 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sarsfield, Kate (28 September 2016). "Gulfstream calls time on struggling G150". Flightglobal.
- ^ "The Israel IAI-1126 Galaxy/Gulfstream G200"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mark Huber (December 2018). "For many models, market hitting the apex" (PDF). Aviation International News. pp. 20–21, 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."C-38 Courier". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ T-2C Buckeye ends 56-year Navy career Script error: No such module "webarchive". Naval Air Systems Command
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Oliva, Leandro (7 October 2012). "REPORT: Air Force Captains Steal Eritrean Presidential Jet, Defect to Saudi Arabia". Business Insider. Allure Media. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Lambert 1993, pp. 182–183.
- ^ a b Jackson 2003, p. 623.
- ^ Lambert 1993, p. 182.
- ^ Jackson 2003, pp. 622–623.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gerzanics, Mike (28 February 2006). "FLIGHT TEST: Gulfstream G150 – Space Machine". Flightglobal.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Accident IAI 1125 Astra SP N1125A". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."N1125A (1990 ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES 1125 WESTWIND ASTRA owned by AVIATION TRUST COMPANY LLC TRUSTEE) Aircraft Registration". FlightAware. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 39.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TRADE REGISTERS". armstrade.sipri.org. SIPRI. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NAVAIR C-38". navair.navy.mil. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ Jackson 2003, pp. 623–624.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.David Esler (27 October 2016). "Honeywell's Super-Midsize HTF7000 Engine". Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hoyle, Craig (8–14 December 2015). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 188, no. 5517. pp. 26–53. ISSN 0015-3710.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jackson, Paul, ed. (2003). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lambert, Mark, ed. (1993). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–1994. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Relman, Paul (December 1993). "IAI Astra: Israel's star-struck biz jet". Air International. Vol. 45, no. 6. pp. 313–319. ISSN 0306-5634.
External links
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."C-38 Courier". Globalsecurity.org. 7 July 2011.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gulfstream's Generous G150" (PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. November 2005.
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