Gallu
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In Sumerian and ancient Mesopotamian religion, gallûs[1] (also called gallas;[2] Akkadian gallû < Sumerian Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.gal.lu) were demons or devils of the ancient Mesopotamian Underworld.
Role in mythology
Gallu demons hauled unfortunate victims off to the underworld. They were one of seven devils (or "the offspring of hell") of Babylonian theology that could be appeased by the sacrifice of a lamb at their altars.[3]
The goddess Inanna was pursued by gallu demons after being escorted from the Underworld by Galatura and Kuryara.[4][3] In the Descent, it is stated that said demons
know no food, know no drink, eat no flour offering, drink no libation. They never enjoy the pleasures of marital embrace, never have any sweet children to kiss. They snatch the son from a man’s knee. They make the bride leave the house of her father in law.[5]
Other uses
The word gallu may also refer to a human adversary, one that is dangerous and implacable.[6]
See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morris, John (1880). The new nation. Original from Oxford University. pp. 40& 311 (volume 3 of 5).
Gallu demon.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Muss-Arnolt, William (1905). A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language. Original from Harvard University: Reuther & Reichard; Lemcke & Büchner; etc., etc. p. 216.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Briggs, Charles August; Toy, Crawford Howell (1911). Essays in Modern Theology and Related Subjects. Original from Harvard University: C. Scribner's sons. pp. 155–158.
Gallu demon.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Black, Jeremy; Cunningham, Graham; Flückiger-Hawker, Esther; Robson, Eleanor; Taylor, John; Zólyomi, Gábor. "Inana's descent to the netherworld". Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. Oxford University. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Archival view of P468903". Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. UCLA.
- ^ I. Tzvi Abusch Babylonian Witchcraft Literature: Case Studies 1987 "...especially, the initial position which he occupies in both support the propriety of our earlier analysis of obv. 37-40 on the basis of the comparison "Contra AHw sv, gallu in this line refers not to a demon but to a human enemy..."
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