Geospiza

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Geospiza is a genus of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species in the genus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches. Although in the past, they were classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown they belong in the tanager family.

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Geospiza was introduced in 1837 by the English ornithologist John Gould with the large ground finch as the type species.[1][2] The genus name derives from the two Ancient Greek words Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Grc-transl), meaning "earth", and Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Grc-transl), a catch-all term for finch-like birds.[3][4] The member of the genus form part of a group collectively known as Darwin's finches.[5] Although traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[2] molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Darwin's finches are members of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae.[6]

The genus contains the following nine species.[7]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution
File:Geospiza fuliginosa.jpg Geospiza fuliginosa Small ground finch Galápagos Islands
File:Sharp-beaked Ground Finch (f) JCB.tif Geospiza difficilis Sharp-beaked ground finch western/central Galápagos Islands
File:Genovesa Ground Finch (Geospiza acutirostris), female.jpg Geospiza acutirostris Genovesa ground finch Genovesa Island
File:Vampire finch (4229090408).jpg Geospiza septentrionalis Vampire ground finch Darwin and Wolf Island
File:Geospiza conirostris -Espanola, Galapagos, Ecuador-29Sept2010.jpg Geospiza conirostris Española cactus finch Española Island
File:Genovesa Cactus Finch (Geospiza propinqua), female, Genovesa.jpg Geospiza propinqua Genovesa cactus finch Genovesa Island
File:Large ground finch (4229035966).jpg Geospiza magnirostris Large ground finch Galápagos Islands
File:Espanola 2010 09 29 0949.jpg Geospiza scandens Common cactus finch Galápagos Islands
File:Geospiza fortis.jpg Geospiza fortis Medium ground finch Galápagos Islands

Hybrids

A purported hybrid species (informally nicknamed "Big Bird") endemic to Daphne Major and formed almost four decades prior by hybridization between a vagrant Geospiza conirostris and a Geospiza fortis was also reported in 2017, though it has yet to be formally described.[8]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gould, John (1837). "Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of new species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 5 (49): 4-7 [5].
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 160.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sato, A.; Tichy, H.; O'hUigin, C.; Grant, P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Klein, J. (2001). "On the origin of Darwin's Finches". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003806. PMID 11230531.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. Bibcode:2014MolPE..75...41B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lamichhaney, Sangeet; Han, Fan; Webster, Matthew T.; Andersson, Leif; Grant, B. Rosemary; Grant, Peter R. (2017-11-23). "Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin's finches". Science. 359 (6372): 224–228. doi:10.1126/science.aao4593. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29170277.
  • Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons

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